11 Jun 1. Animals and organisms use the process of immune
Question
1. Animals and organisms use the process of immune competence to activate the response to either fight or defend against foreign bodies which attack their systems, foreign bodies such as viral, parasitic or bacterial diseases. Animal testing has been very beneficial in the research of how immune systems work to defend the body against issues that attack the immune system and the effects of the chemicals given to treat the diseases. Through animal testing, researchers are better able to predict the toxicity and safety variables of many chemicals as well as performing stem cell research, in vitro testing and genetic testing to help develop cures for diseases or warnings and guidelines to prevent exposures to toxic substances.
2. Animal testing is a controversial topic, I find myself on the fence when it comes to testing on animals. In some cases, it is necessary to know how toxins or chemicals will affect the population. Test immunocompetency on animals allows research to be developed for possible treatments for illnesses or exposures.
Obviously, we cannot test viruses or diseases on humans. If an individual is found to be infected with a virus it would be an opportunity to test the immune response to that exposure while providing treatment. It isn’t best to wait for individuals to be infected to test the body’s responses. Testing the immune response to viruses on animals allows researchers to see the body’s response as well as how any treatments or vaccines affect the body’s response. Testing on animals also gives insight into how the virus spreads, which will help prevent the spread of viruses and diseases. If we know how long a virus remains in the body as well as how the virus’ progress in the body. The life expectancy of humans has greatly increase as our knowledge of viruses, and development of vaccines has progressed.
3. Immunocompetence refers to how the immune system reacts to cellular antigens or markers. Animal testing is still considered to be inhumane and cruel by some. Federal agencies like: Food and Drug Administration, and the Environmental Protection Agency are working to find other alternatives for this type of testing. Human tissue has proven to be more accurate than that of animals but in vitro methods are becoming more popular as an alternative.
There are other methods such as: microfluidic and microdosing. Microdosing only provides some information but the bulk of the information still needs animal cells. There are not enough human subjects to test on. Microfluidic chip data gives less information than microdosing but again, animal testing is still required even if some animal cells can be produced in a lab setting.
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