15 Jul 1) Northwest Airlines applied mathematical models to determinewhich customers in its database were currently responsible for mostof its profitability and which customers were not currentlyprofitable but had similar characteristics to the most profitablecustomers. Northwest Airlines utilized _____ to identify thesecustomers. A. computer programming B. data warehousing C. customer relationships management D. data mining 2) Minute Maid sees research as the fundamental first step in anybusiness decision, and it created proprietary methods forconducting research. At what level of the hierarchy of businessdecision makers does Minute Maid operate? A. Top tier B. Middle tier C. Base tier D. Foundation tier 3) Which of the following questions is considered first whendiscussing a management dilemma? A. How can management eliminate negative symptoms? B. What does the manager need to know to choose the bestalternative from the available sources of action? C. What is the recommended course of action? D. What symptoms cause management concern? 4) The goal of ethics in research is to _____. A. ensure that no one is harmed B. protect researchers from legal liability C. identify what behavior is appropriate D. ensure research sponsors fulfill their legal obligations 5) _____ occurs when the participants are told only part of thetruth or when the truth is fully compromised. A. Coercion B. Deception C. Informed consent D. Debriefing 6) The process of stating the basic dilemma and then developingother questions by progressively breaking down the originalquestion into more specific ones is called the _____. A. research question B. management-research question hierarchy C. management dilemma D. management question 7) The fundamental weakness in the research process is _____. A. incorrectly defining the research question B. identifying a flawed sampling frame C. misdefining the target population D. failing to identify all relevant secondary information 8) Which type of management question asks what do we want to achieve? A. Choice of purpose B. Evaluation of solutions C. Troubleshooting D. Control 9) In the Southeast, the potato chip market share held by the Laysbrand is 46%. This is an example of _____. A. a research question B. a descriptive hypothesis C. a relational hypothesis D. an explanatory hypothesis 10) An increase in hours of television viewing leads to increase sin the sales of snack foods. This is an example of a _____. A. research question B. descriptive hypothesis C. correlational hypothesis D. causal hypothesis 11) To be categorized as a customer, an individual must have ahistory of shopping at the establishment at least twice before thestart of the study with expenditures of more than $10. This is anexample of _____. A. a hypothetical construct B. a conceptual scheme C. an operational definition D. a dictionary definition 12) James is entering data on client gender. Because the valuesentered reflect male or female, this variable is _____. A. discrete B. dichotomous C. continuous D. ratio-scaled 13) Which variable in an experiment is the variable expected to beaffected by the manipulation? A. Dependent variable B. Extraneous variable C. Moderating variable D. Independent variable 14) Qualitative research seeks to _____ theory while quantitativeresearch _____ it. A. examine; interprets B. build; tests C. test; understands D. apply; builds RES 351 Final ExamRES 351 Final ExamRES 351 Final ExamRES 351 FinalExamRES 351 Final Exam 15) Which of the following is true of quantitative research? A. It uses a nonprobability sampling method B. Results are generalizable C. Data analysis is ongoing during the project D. Sample sizes are generally small 16) The use of a control group in experimentation _____. A. provides for the manipulation of the independent variable B. serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation C. minimizes the cost of experimentation D. allows for discovery of the average effect of the independentvariable in different situations 17) What is the first step in conducting an experiment? A. Specify the level(s) of the treatment B. Choose the experimental design C. Control the experimental environment D. Select relevant variables 18) Data originating from studies that are conducted by others andcreated for a purpose different from the purpose of the study forwhich the data are being reviewed are called _____ data A. primary B. secondary C. quantitative D. statistical 19) The goal of a formal study is to _____. A. discover future research tasks B. expand understanding of a topic C. test hypotheses D. provide insight 20) A _____ scale is a scale that scores an object or propertywithout making a direct comparison to another object orproperty. A. ranking B. rating C. categorization D. sorting 21) What type of data is produced by simple category scales? A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Interval D. Ratio 22) _____ is the extent to which a measurement tool actuallymeasures what we wish to measure. A. Reliability B. Validity C. Practicality D. Significance 23) The list of elements in a population from which the sample isdrawn is known as the _____. A. sampling frame B. population extent C. database D. sampling base 24) The process of ensuring the accuracy of data and theirconversion from raw form into classified forms appropriate foranalysis is called _____. A. coding B. data entry C. data preparation D. data measurement 25) _____ involves assigning numbers or other symbols to answers sothat the responses can be grouped into a limited number ofcategories A. Editing B. Data entry C. Coding D. Measurement 26) The standard error of the estimate is a type of measure of_____. A. central tendency B. accuracy C. significance D. standard deviation 27) _____ are summary descriptors of variables of interest in thepopulation A. Sample statistics B. Population parameters C. Systematic estimates D. Standard errors 28) The measure of deviation from the mean such that cases stretchtoward one tail or the other is called _____. A. kurtosis B. platykurtic C. skewness D. ku 29) Which of the research questions/hypotheses below is bestanswered using cross-tabulations? A. What percentage of men and women prefer Brand A over BrandB? B. What percentage of residents shop at the local grocerystore? C. Is brand loyalty related to brand image? D. What happens to sales when prices drop? 30) If a difference is not caused only by random samplingfluctuations, it is said to have _____. A. resistance B. statistical significance
whichfunctions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goalor set of goals?
a. party
b. unit
c. team
d. community
e. organization
2) Over the past 2 decades, business schools have added requiredcourses on organizational design to many of their curricula. Whyhave they done this?
a. Managers no longer need technical skills in subjects such aseconomics and accounting to succeed.
b. There is an increased emphasis in controlling employee behaviorin the workplace.
c. Managers need to understand human behavior if they are to beeffective.
d. These skills enable managers to effectively lead human resourcesdepartments.
e. A manager with good people skills can help create a pleasantworkplace.
3) Robert Katz identified three essential skills that managers musthave to reach their goals. What are these skills?
a. technical, decisional and interpersonal
b. technical, human, and conceptual
c. interpersonal, informational and decisional
d. conceptual, communication and networking
e. human, informational and communication
4) __________ is a field of study that investigates the effect thatindividuals, groups, and structures have on behavior withinorganizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towardimproving an organization’s effectiveness.
Organizational development
Human Resources Management
Organizational behavior
People management
Corporate strategy
5) What do the fundamental consistencies underlying the behavior ofall individuals enable researchers to do?
a. observe human behavior
b. systematize human behavior
c. research human behavior
d. predict human behavior
e. detect human behavior
6) Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broadrange of feelings that people experience?
Affect
emotions
moods
emotional labor
cognition
7) What term is used for intense feelings that are directed atsomeone or something?
affect
cognition
moods
thoughts
emotions
8) If personality characteristics were completely dictated by__________, they would be fixed at
birth and no amount of experience could alter them.
job satisfaction
heredity
environment
situations
religion
9) Which of the following are classifications on the Myers-BriggsType Indicator?
a. extroverted/introverted
b. sensing/intuitive
c. perceiving/judging
d. independent/dependent
e. thinking/feeling
10) Maria is dissatisfied with the way that her manager treats her.She has quit her job and found a new position with another firm.How has she expressed her dissatisfaction?
a. exit
b. voice
c. loyalty
d. neglect
e. social voice
11) You quietly continue to do your work when you know things willnot improve. This is what type of response to dissatisfaction?
a. exit
b. voice
c. loyalty
d. neglect
e. social voice
12) A group
a. generates positive synergy through coordinated effort
b. generates greater outputs with no increase in inputs
c. is two or more individuals interacting and interdependent
d. engages in collective work that requires joint effort
13) __________ results in a level of performance that is greaterthan the sum of the individual input.
a. Synergy
b. Enthusiasm
c. Energy
d. Initiative
e. Inversion
14) What happens in the second stage of Tuckman’s five stage modelof group development?
a. Close relationships are developed.
b. The group demonstrates cohesiveness.
c. Intragroup conflict often occurs.
d. Groups disband.
15) Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a verydedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion, but the newrole will require him to work Sundays. Zach would like thepromotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some churchactivities. It is likely that Zach is experiencing which of thefollowing:
a. role conflict
b. role expectation
c. role perception
d. psychological conflict
16) Which role focuses on bringing about order and consistency bydrawing up formal plans?
leadership
management
task structure
initiating structure
none of the above
17) Which statement regarding leadership is true?
All leaders are managers.
Formal rights enable managers to lead effectively.
All managers are leaders.
All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers.
Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as or more important thanformal influence.
18) What are three situational criteria identified in the Fiedlermodel?
a. job requirements, position power, and leadership ability
b. charisma, influence, and leader-member relations
c. leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
d. task structure, leadership ability, and group conflict
e. emotional intelligence, group orientation, and employeestatus
19) The reconceptualization of the contingency model by Garcia andFiedler is called _____ theory.
a. situational
b. cognitive resource
c. evaluative
d. leadership recognition
e. cognitive dissonance
20) Which path-goal leadership style leads to greater satisfactionwhen tasks are ambiguous or stressful?
directive
supportive
participative
mixed
reactive
21) According the Path-Goal Theory, what leader is friendly andshows concern for the needs of followers?
the achievement-oriented leader
the directive leader
the laissez-faire leader
the participative leader
the supportive leader
22) Phrases such as “more cultural diversity,” “many new entrantswith inadequate skills,” and “increase in professionals” are allexamples of what force for change?
a. technology
b. world politics
c. nature of the work force
d. social trends
23) What is a goal of planned change?
a. to change the forces of change
b. to alter the agents of change
c. to change employees’ responsibilities
d. to improve the ability to adapt to the environment
e. to alter the employees’ environment
24) Using covert influence to overcome resistance to change iscalled what?
a. negotiation
b. cooptation
c. education
d. coercion
e. manipulation
25) If individuals resisting change are included in making changedecisions in an attempt to gain their support, what is thisapproach is called?
a. cooptation
b. exploitation
c. manipulation
d. coercion
e. education
26) Which of the following is a characteristic of organizationalcontrol?
a. Formality orientation
b. Decision orientation
c. Team orientation
d. Managerial orientation
27) What term describes the key characteristic of organizationalcontrol that addresses the degree to which employees are expectedto exhibit precision?
a. accuracy orientation
b. accountability
c. attention to detail
d. stability
e. reactivity
28) Power is
a. a means for leaders to achieve goals
b. defined by leaders’ hopes and aspirations
c. a goal in and of itself
d. not an influence on leaders’ goals
29) Leaders achieve goals, and power is
a. defined by leaders’ hopes and aspirations
b. usually used by poor leaders
c. a means of achieving goals
d. a goal in and of itself
e. a strong influence on leaders’ goals
30) The most important aspect of power is probably that it_____.
a. is needed to get things done in an organization
b. is a function of dependency
c. tends to corrupt people
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