01 May Risk Assessment 3: Tsunami In this activity, you will assess the risk of tsunami for the Hawai
Risk Assessment 3: Tsunami In this activity, you will assess the risk of tsunami for the Hawaiian city of Hilo. You may work together, but should do your own work. The tsunami measurements given here are simplifications of real-world events. Background: On November 2, 2022, a M9.1 earthquake occurs just south of the Aleutian Islands (Alaska). Similar earthquakes in the past (such as the 1964 Alaskan earthquake) have generated large tsunamis that spread around the Pacific Ocean, from Alaska all the way to Japan, the South Pacific, and North and South America. Part A: Wave travel times 1. What was the likely cause of the tsunami? Use scientific terminology and be specific. (2 pts) 2. Tsunamis travel at about 700 km/hr in the open ocean. How long will it take to reach the following areas? Make sure your answer includes units! (4 pts) a. Hawai’i (3,725 km away) b. Seattle, WA, USA (3,600 km away) c. Galapagos, Ecuador (9,600 km away) d. Valparaiso, Chile (14,700 km away) Part B: Wave run-up In the open ocean, the tsunami is approaching Hawaii at a height of 5 meters. When it comes on land, the run-up will be closer to 15 meters. Hilo, Hawaii, has a population of 45,000, many of who live close to the bay. 3. Wave run-up will vary depending on the shape of the shoreline, if there are any offshore barriers present, and the direction from which the tsunami is coming. If the tsunami originated from the Aleutian trench, due north of Hilo, would you expect the run-up to be of equal heights at the mouth of Wailuku River and Kaula’ inaiwi island? Why or why not? Be concise. (4 pts) 4. How high, in feet, will the expected run-up be near Hilo? (1 m = 3.28 ft). (1 pt) 5. On the map, outline (in marker/highlighter) the extent of the expected run-up from this tsunami. NOTE: the contour interval on the map is 20 ft. (2 pts) 6. What area do you expect to experience the highest run-up? Use directions and be specific. (2 pts) 7. What area do you expect to experience the greatest run-up distance (AKA inundation)? Use directions and be specific. (2 pts) 8. Put a star in TWO separate locations on the topographic map that might be good areas for citizens to shelter in when the tsunami hits. (2 pts) Part C: Tsunami Damage After the tsunami, the mayor of Hilo asks you to fly out to the city to evaluate damage. 9. You’re worried. Was the airport damaged by flooding? (1 pt) 10. You ask your colleague from Pu’u’eo to meet you in Hilo, but they say they can’t drive there. What damaged human structure likely prevents them from making the trip? (1 pt) Part D: Mitigation 11. State two possible solutions that might prevent the run-up height and distance that was experienced during this tsunami. (4 pts) a.
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