16 May DISCUSS THE PROS AND CONS OF EACH POSITIONING TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFIED ABOVE.
Primary post: <Your name>
Nowadays, various indoor and outdoor positioning (i.e. identify the position of an object) applications are making use of 3G and wifi technology. Do your own research and reference at least 2 articles related to this topic.
Primary post : Write a post (300-500 words) on the discussion forum (Click “Add new discussion” to start) to summarize your research. In your summary:
Identify and briefly describe TWO positioning technologies and their applications. You need to name specific application for example “Find my iPhone” is one such application making use of positioning technology.
Discuss the pros and cons of each positioning technology identified above.
Secondary post : Respond to exact TWO (2) other postings. If there are more than two secondary posts, the two posts that you submitted will be graded. Your secondary post should be:
150-200 words
Answer to another student’s question to your own post
Comment to your original post
First reply: <Other Student’s name>
Post selected
Indoor and outdoor positioning system refers to a software application that makes use of both Bluetooth technology and standard Global Positioning System (GPS) to watch over and track where the employees are located in the entire organization and its environment(Samama, 2008). Indoor areas are being monitored by Bluetooth beacons which are placed in appropriate positions in the organization. These two technologies are essential to any given organization and having a combination of both, the safety of the employees can be taken care of despite their location.
WI-FI is a wireless network that uses radio waves the way televisions, cell phones, and radios do. This system provides access to the network in areas with WI-FI. This network is available to the facilities without the connection to the cable since it is a wireless system. Areas that are connected to this system include airports, libraries, colleges, hospitals, airports, and hotels. This system allows everyone within to have access to the internet as long as they are connected. WI-FI can be set for either personal or business use. Among the devices that access WI-FI signal include a smartphone, tablets and wireless cards. Those who own homes use the WI-FI home network which is safeguarded with a password to enable them to use the internet connection freely in their homes in absence of wires.
WI-FI is also used for communication. This is through the conversion of computer data into a radio signal(Kurti, Spikol, & Milrad, 2008). This signals then come with an antenna. The signals are received by wireless routers then they interpret them. This message is then sent to the computer through a wired Ethernet connection. In the same manner, the router can receive information from the internet then translate them into a radio signal and sent them to the computer’s wireless adapter.
3G is the third generation of the wireless technologies. 3G is used with both mobile phones and handsets. It is used as a means to connect the phone to the internet or other IP networks. This is done so that one can be able to make voice calls, video calls, downloading data, uploading data and surfing the website.
Examples of Applications
A Web browser is a software application. It is also referred to as a browser. It is used in retrieving and giving information. In most cases, it is used in accessing information that is found on web servers in private networks. There are various types of browsers which include opera, Chrome, Firefox and Apple Safari.
Pros and Cons of Web Browsers.
Since there are various web browsers, everyone has their favorite since both of these browsers have unique features that attract users based on their need for the browser. Among the pros and cons of these browsers are as follows;
Pros of Google Chrome
It has a feature which enables the one using it to either close, slow or frozen the pages with less effort since restarting the entire browser is not needed. It also has a special; feature for translation. This enables the user to understand everything since the language used can be translated to the language he or she understands. Translation takes no time since it is done in seconds.
Cons of Google Chrome
The translation it provides is not the best.
An Accounting Application
It is a software application that records all the financial transactions. It shows the accounts that are either payable or receivable, payrolls among others.
Pros of an Accounting Application
It is easy to use. Computerized accounts are easy to use as opposed to manual accounts. Anyone can use them since they are easy to understand. Increased productivity is also experienced since they help speed up processes hence giving the users ample time to focus on other crucial issues. There is also improved accuracy since no errors are made like those made by humans who work manually on accounts.
Cons of an Accounting Application
The software must be bought and an additional license for the users. This renders it costly. Also, in case the virus attacks the data or computer crashes then one will not be able to use accounting software. This renders it unreliable. Also, there are highest chances of fraud to be committed. This calls for high level of security.
Reference
Kurti, A., Spikol, D., & Milrad, M. (2008). Bridging outdoors and indoors educational activities in schools with the support of mobile and positioning technologies. International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 2(2), 166-186.
Samama, N. (2008). Global positioning: Technologies and performance (Vol. 7). John Wiley & Sons.
reply
<Paste your reply to the first post>
Second reply: <Other student’s Name>
Post selected
Positioning Technologies
14 hours ago
In practice, wireless and mobile technologies that are dedicated to positioning have led to much interest in immediate research, as they encompass a prime enabling mechanism for a continually growing number of applications for mobile business (Strader & Mennecke, 2002). These applications range from fraud identification to fleet management and from network management to location-sensitive billing (Zeimpekis et al., 2002). Positioning is a relative perception on objects; therefore it is possible to change the positioning as well as technologies involved in it depending on from which tractthe object is going to be positioned. The commonest means of defining position is giving it as a distance or range and measuring it from a few known objects. While using the positioning technologies a flat earth and its flat map are tthanksaken ithanksnto consideration where the users and the transmitters are lying on the surface of earth (Blanchard, 1995).
Positioning technologies are rooted in a number of methods including: Angle of Arrival (AoA), Proximity Sensing, Fingerprinting, and Lateration. The following discussion will be based on AoA and Proximity Sensing.
Proximity Sensing: Despite suffering from accuracy issues the Proximity Sensing (known also as COO, or Cell of Origin, and Cell ID) is the simplest way of getting the position of an MS. Both UMTS and GSM networks have numerous transceivers that are able to cover the telecommunication companies’ areas to avail services. This method makes sense by identifying the mobile device based on its position by running the positioning system technologies such as a GSM method of positioning.
Angle of Arrival: AoA makes use of the arriving signals’ angle and the position is being determined using geometry. At least a couple of stations in a touch of the mobile device are essential for AoA. It can fulfill the purpose of outdoor and indoor positioning and it is measured on a real time basis. The modification of hardware is required in order to implement this method. In order to detect the location, the specific antenna is required in this AoA method. Such antenna must be capable of measuring the incoming signals’ phases-shift.
Pros & Cons of Proximity Sensing: Although it is merely possible to properly execute on an indoor positioning using this technique, this kind of approach is popularized well for outdoor positioning. In the indoor area, one might only get the part of building to be covered where the mobile device belongs to. It’s positioning calculation could be performed with only a single station. Despite the relatively simplified mechanism to execute on, this approach is limited when it comes to benefit from its action along with the wider range.
Pros and Cons of Angle of Arrival: Although theoretically, only a couple of base stations are mandatory to get acquainted with a 2D position, however, this method is slightly flawed because of producing a lower consummate result. Again, in some cases, the angle measured using the antennas, is at times afflicted with inaccuracy. In order to avail decent results with this mechanism, the MS must have a concise line-of-sight (LOS) to antennas and two components must not be too distant from each other. As a matter of misfortune, in urban areas, no precise LOS is found constantly. Multipath propagation can be an issue associated with this technique apart from others that have been mentioned. Nevertheless, this is one of the simplest ways of using positioning technology with the least preparedness. This will also result in low compensation for the entire positioning mechanism.
Reference:
Dannert, A. Positioning Technologies and Mechanisms for mobile Devices, 2-8.
Henniges, R. (2012). Current approaches of Wifi Positioning. SERVICE-CENTRIC NETWORKING – SEMINAR WS2011/2012.
Mennecke, B., & Strader, T. (2002). Mobile Commerce: Technology, Theory and Applications. (pp. 202-217). Idea Group Publishing.
Zeimpekis, V., et al. (2003). Towards a taxonomy of indoor and outdoor positioning techniques for mobile location–based applications. Journal of ACM, SIGecom Exchanges, 3(4), 19-27.
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