20 May HOW DOES THIS CASE SHOW HOW AUTOMATIC PROCESSING CAN LEAD TO ERRORS?
After failing his psychology test, Joe ranted, “If only I had answered that one
question differently. I would have passed the test.” This type of reasoning is called:
Answer
thought suppression.
overconfidence reasoning.
distinctiveness information.
counterfactual thinking.
4 points
Question 2
1.
All of the following are among the six universally recognized facial expressions
reported by Ekman EXCEPT:
Answer
guilt.
anger.
fear.
sadness.
4 points
Question 3
1.
Oreos advertises that it is America’s most popular cookie. Kelley’s attribution theory
suggests that this advertising tries to get people to make an "entity attribution"
based on the high popularity of Oreos by focusing on _________ information.
Answer
noncommon
consistency
consensus
distinctiveness
4 points
Question 4
1.
Research on the health consequences of thought suppression suggests that
spending effort suppressing thoughts is _________ to our physical health and
_________ to our psychological health.
Answer
beneficial; detrimental
detrimental; detrimental
beneficial; beneficial
detrimental; beneficial
4 points
Question 5
1.
When people express more than one emotion at the same time so that one part of
the face registers one emotion while another part of the face registers a different
emotion. This is known as a (n) ______.
Answer
deception
emblem
affect blend
attribution
4 points
Question 6
1.
Contemporary researchers have collected evidence that naturalist Charles Darwin
(1872) was correct when he asserted that facial expressions are:
Answer
speciesspecific.
genderspecific.
feelingspecific.
culturespecific.
4 points
Question 7
1.
_________ refers to the way people select, interpret, remember, and use social
information to make judgments and decisions about themselves and others.
Answer
Social cognition
Decision rules
Counterfactual thinking
Schemas
4 points
Question 8
1.
The study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people
is called:
Answer
genderspecific.
social perception.
decoding.
perceptual salience.
4 points
Question 9
1.
Your textbook cites the example of the Amadou Diallo case as an example of
automatic processing. How does this case show how automatic processing can
lead to errors?
Answer
The police shot Diallo as he was pulling a wallet from his pocket because they
thought he pulled a gun.
Diallo mistook the American police for the police of his native West Africa and
spoke to them in his native tongue.
Diallo shot the police then was killed by them because he believed they would kill
him.
The police shot Diallo as he was pulling a weapon from his pocket but killed him
unnecessarily.
4 points
Question 10
1.
With regard to the use of base rate information, the evidence suggests that:
Answer
people are very astute at using base rate information.
people totally disregard base rate information and rely only on the similarity of
information to a category.
people focus too much on individual characteristics and insufficiently on base rates.
people focus equally on individual characteristics and base rate information.
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