21 May DID SOCRATES SUCCEED IN SHOWING THAT THE SOPHISTS, AND THEIR THEORIES OF RELATIVISM AND MORAL REALISM, WERE WEAK?
Socrates believed that human beings possessed a psyche, and that the condition of our psyche is what determines our character and our happiness as human beings. He says that the psyche gives us the ability to distinguish reality from appearance and the true from the false. However, he did not think that these insights come all at once or in a completed form. He believed that if we are to improve our character we must struggle long and hard and be patient. We may live our entire lives without ever figuring out what the final answers are to the most important questions of life. Nevertheless, we can still find better and better answers, even if we cannot find final ones. At the very least, by thinking critically we can expose some ideas as being false and corrupting. He must have been very intimidating, for whenever anyone would express an opinion on an important matter, he would question him or her to see if they had anything to teach others. He believed that if a person’s ideas were false, they should be publicly exposed as such so that they would not lead others, especially the youth, in the wrong direction
question one-Socrates and the Sophists
The Sophists argued that the early philosophers were wrong to believe that it is possible for human reason to grasp the truth about reality – especially concerning issues of morality and politics. This led them to the conclusion that there was no truth in these areas, only opinion.
Did Socrates succeed in showing that the Sophists, and their theories of relativism and moral realism, were weak? Or, at least, did he show that they were not the most reasonable positions to take, especially regarding politics and morals?
question two-Socrates’ Belief in the Human Psyche
Socrates believed that human beings have a non-material dimension to them (the human psyche), which gives them the ability to escape the limits of human emotion and social programming, and gives them the power to catch at least a “glimpse” of THE TRUTH. Socrates makes no “argument” that the psyche (often translated as “the soul”) exists. Later on, his most famous student, Plato, will attempt to do this. But Socrates tends to merely “assume” the existence of the human psyche. Is he on the right track by linking so many of his ideas, including the defense of his actions that he offers at his trial, to the idea that human being have a psyche or soul?
Did Socrates succeed in showing that human beings have a non-material dimension to them (the human psyche), which gives them the ability to escape the limits of human emotion and social programming, and gives them the power to catch at least a glimpse of THE TRUTH?
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