Question Chapter 1 Short Answer 1. _____ are fundamental building blocks of all matter.

Chapter 1

Short Answer

1. _____ are fundamental building blocks of all matter.

2. The smallest unit of life is the _____.

3. _____ move around for at least part of their life.

4. Organisms require _____ and _____ to maintain themselves, grow, and reproduce.

5. _____ is a process that maintains conditions in the internal environment within ranges that cells can tolerate.

6. A process by which an organism produces offspring is

called _____.

7. What are some of the places where the natural and manmade worlds interface? What problems could this cause?

8. Can a scientist prove the existence or nonexistence of God? Why or why not?

Essay

9. A person is declared to be dead upon the irreversible cessation of spontaneous body functions: brain activity, or blood circulation and respiration. However, only about

1% of a person’s cells have to die in order for all of these things to happen. How can someone be dead when 99% of his or her cells are still alive?

10. Why would you think twice about ordering from a cafe menu that lists the genus name but not the specific epithet of its offerings? Hint: Look up Homarus americanus, Ursus americanus, Ceanothus americanus, Bufo americanus, Lepus americanus,and Nicrophorus americanus.

11. Once there was a highly intelligent turkey that had nothing to do but reflect on the world’s regularities. Morning always started out with the sky turning light, followed

by the master’s footsteps, which were always followed by the appearance of food. Other things varied, but food always followed footsteps. The sequence of events was so predictable that it eventually became the basis of the turkey’s theory about the goodness of the world. One morning, after more than 100 confirmations of the goodness theory, the turkey listened for the master’s footsteps, heard them, and had its head chopped off. Any scientific theory is modified or discarded upon discovery of contradictory evidence. The absence of absolute certainty has led some people to conclude that “facts are irrelevant—facts change.” If that is so, should we stop doing scientific research? Why or why not?

12. In 2005, researcher Woo-suk Hwang reported that he had made immortal stem cells from human patients. His research was hailed as a breakthrough for people affected by degenerative diseases, because stem cells may be used to repair a person’s own damaged tissues. Hwang published his results in a peer-reviewed journal. In 2006, the journal retracted his paper after other scientists discovered that Hwang’s group had faked their data. Does the incident show that results of scientific studies cannot be trusted? Or does it confirm the usefulness of a scientific approach, because other scientists discovered and exposed the fraud?

Multiple Choice

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