The health social determinants refer to the immediate environment surrounding human population that is critical to the health of the people

The health social determinants refer to the immediate environment surrounding human population that is critical to the health of the people. The social determinant includes the place where an individual is born, grow, learn, work, worship and develop including the conditions that either favor a healthy living or the vice versa. The social determinants of health include; language literacy, access to efficient health facilities, access to quality education, culture, the social norms surrounding g the community, for example, the racism, and distrust of government, public safety (Raphael, 2009). Additionally, residential segregation, availability of resources to meet social needs, access to mass media and emerging technologies, transportation options, and Availability of community-based resources in support of community living and opportunities for recreational and leisure-time activities

In the process of determination of a healthy community, the social environments play an important role both directly and indirectly. First, the access to education is a detrimental factor. According to statistics, most of the educated communities, experience minimal health issues as compared to the uneducated. In a case where there is no access to education, the population is therefore not aware of the effects of some practices which are harmful to their health (Raphael, 2009). Secondly, the employment environment which enables the employees to manipulate their environment to reduce stress and strain is important in ensuring a healthy environment which enhances the human health. The access to health services is important in prevention and treatment of the diseases which would otherwise affect health. The income and social status are also related to the healthiness of the community. High income is directly related to good health. The greater the gap between the high-income earners and the poor, then the more the health issues will arise.

The communicable disease chain is the process of passing an infection from one individual to another, for example if a child is infected with the common cold on Monday in school, and then the probability that the rest of the class will be infected by the end of the week is high. The communicable diseases are passed from one individual to another through direct contact or exchange of the body fluids. The chain is made up of six different links that play unique roles in the process. The links include pathogen (infectious agent), reservoir, portal of entry, portal of exit, means of transmission, and the new host (Lang, 2015).

Nurses play a key role in the breaking of the chain of a communicable infection. For an infection to be transmitted from on individual to another, it is essential that all the links are available. Therefore, the nurses are mandated to breaking the chain by removal of one of the links in the chain. For example, in the process that the nurses have been handling a patient with a communicable infection, the chances are high that they are carrying the pathogens on their hands which act as the means of transmission (Lang, 2015). It is thus important that they clean the hands using water and an antiseptic soap for fifteen minutes before handing the patient. The washing process is important in ensuring that the pathogens are destroyed and thus the removal of the transmission means. It is recorded that some of the pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staph aureus (MRSA) are resistant to non-medicated soaps and thus it is recommended that medicated are used.