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1. Communication exists whenever someone sends a message to someone else, even when the person receiving the message does not understand it.
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2. Interpersonal communication occurs as soon as a message is received by someone else.
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3. Communication is an essential part of the coordination process.
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4. Effective communication potentially improves knowledge management and decision making.
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5. One reason that people communicate with each other is to fulfil their drive to bond.
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6. In the communication process model, ‘encoding the message’ refers to selecting the appropriate medium and sending your ideas through that medium.
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7. According to the communication process model, communication begins with forming the message, then encoding it.
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8. The image used in the communication process model is that information is like fruit on a tree that needs to be picked.
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9. Intended feedback is encoded, transmitted, received and decoded from the receiver to the sender of the original message.
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10. People tend to understand technical information better through aural rather than written communication media.
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11. The introduction of email in organisations tends to reduce some face-to-face and telephone communication but increase the flow of information to higher levels in the organisation.
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12. Email removes problems of social status in the communication process.
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13. One limitation of email is that both sender and receiver need to coordinate the communication session.
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14. One consequence of introducing email is that it tends to increase the amount of communication across the organisation.
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15. Email is a very good medium for communicating emotions.
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16. Email is usually developed and sent so quickly that it increases the risk of transmitting an emotionally charged message before the sender has time to reconsider sending the message.
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17. One advantage of email is that it is very easy to interpret the emotional tone of the sender’s message.
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18. ‘Flaming’ refers to the capacity of an organisation to transmit information more quickly through computer networks than through traditional paper media.
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19. Employees use ‘emoticons’ in electronic mail messages to clarify the emotional meaning of their messages.
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20. Email is an inefficient medium for communicating in ambiguous, complex and novel situations.
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21. Instant messaging provides more efficiency and real-time communication than is available in traditional email systems.
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22. One of the main problems with instant messaging is that the sender communicates with only one receiver at a time.
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23. Email creates real-time communities of practice as employees form clustered conversations around specific fields of expertise.
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24. One limitation of blogging is that it is almost impossible to archive content for future reference.
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25. Most information is communicated verbally rather than nonverbally in quiet settings.
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26. Nonverbal communication is less rule-bound than is verbal communication.
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27. Mimicking the sender’s behaviour is a central part of emotional contagion.
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28. Mimicking the nonverbal behaviours of other people seems to help us to receive the emotional experience of the people we mimic.
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29. Face-to-face interaction has higher media richness than a telephone conversation.
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30. Media richness refers to the financial cost of using the medium relative to its frequency of use in the organisation.
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31. People experienced with a particular communication medium can ‘push’ the amount of media richness normally possible through that information channel
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32. Senders and receivers who share common mental models of the situation require a communication medium with higher data-carrying capacity compared to senders and receivers who lack common mental models of the situation.
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33. A communication channel with high media richness should be used in routine situations where the sender and receiver have common understanding and expectations.
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34. When sending a message, the choice of medium also communicates information from the sender to receiver.
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35. Perceptions, filtering and jargon are three types of noise in the communication process.
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36. Empathy, emotional contagion and MBWA are three types of noise in the communication process.
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37. Jargon improves communication efficiency when both the sender and receiver understand this specialised language.
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38. Ambiguous language is sometimes necessary to describe situations or concepts that are ill-defined or lack agreement between sender and receiver.
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39. Information overload occurs when a person’s information-processing capacity exceeds the job’s information load.
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40. Employees increase their information-processing capacity by reading abstracts and other summaries.
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41. Omitting and buffering strategies help employees to reduce the amount of information they must process (i.e. information load).
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42. Language differences represent one of the most obvious cross-cultural communications challenges.
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43. In Japan, the sender’s true meaning is more likely to be found through nonverbal messages than through verbal and written messages.
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44. Maintaining eye contact to show interest in someone’s conversation is one of the few forms of nonverbal communication that transmits common meaning across all cultures.
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45. The common handshake (holding the other person’s right hand firmly and pumping it up and down a few times) has the same meaning across cultures.
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46. When having a conversation with someone from Japan, it is polite to allow some silence after the person has spoken before beginning your reply.
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47. In Japan, silence in conversation demonstrates respect and empathy between people.
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48. When working in Brazil, colleagues expect you to be silent for several seconds after the other person has spoken before beginning your reply.
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49. One problem in communication between men and women is that most women do not know how to engage in ‘report talk’.
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50. Research has found that women are generally more sensitive than are men to nonverbal communication.
