Nutrition 100 Final Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________

Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
Instructions: Please read each question carefully and circle the best answer for each question. Each question
only has 1 correct answer.
1.

Which nutrient contains the most calories per gram?
A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are considered
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

D.

a change that reflects the participants’ expectations is observed
the subject knows that he/she is receiving two treatments during the experiment
neither the subjects nor the investigators know which study group is receiving the
placebo
the placebo has two possible effects on the study group

A chemical whose absence from the diet for a long time results in specific changes in health is
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

placebo
clinical trial
case control
epidemiological

A research study is said to be double-blind if
A.
B.
C.

7.

calcium
Vitamin B6
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

Which type of research study compares disease rates among population groups, and attempts to identify
related conditions or behaviors?
A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

84
168
189
220

Which is a fat-soluble vitamin?
A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

micronutrients
macronutrients
antioxidants
free radicals

How many kilocalories are in 21 grams of fat?
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

vitamins
lipids
carbohydrates
protein

a nutrient
water
an enzyme
an antioxidant

Essential nutrients
A.
B.
C.
D.

are made by the body
can only be supplied adequately with dietary supplements
must be obtained through diet
consist of over 75 different types of nutrients

Page 2
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
9.

How many kilocalories are in a meal that contains 20 grams of fat, 15 grams of protein, and 80 grams of
carbohydrate?
A.
B.
C.
D.

545
560
595
900

10. Exchange Lists were originally developed to help people with
A.
B.
C.
D.

high blood pressure
obesity
diabetes
anorexia

11. The _____ are the maximum levels of daily nutrient intakes that are unlikely to pose health risks to almost all
individuals in the group for whom they are designed.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level(s)
The Recommended Daily Allowance
Adequate Intake
Estimated Average Requirements

12. What components of a food label can help consumers compare the amounts of nutrients in a food to the
amount of that nutrient that is recommended for consumption each day?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Upper Tolerable Limits
Ingredient List
Daily Values
Recommended Dietary Allowance

13. Which nutrient is not required to be posted on the Nutrition Facts panel?
A.
B.
C.
D.

carbohydrates
fats
water
vitamins

14. What best describes a short-lived, highly reactive chemical that can have detrimental effects on cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.

free radical
functional food
direct additive
indirect additive

15. Compounds that help plants resist the attacks of bacteria and fungi, the ravages of free radicals, and increased
levels of ultraviolet light from the sun are
A.
B.
C.
D.

free radicals
phytochemicals
indirect additives
alternative medicine

16. The __________________ states that food additives cannot be approved if they cause cancer in humans or
animals.
A.
B.
C.
D.

Federal Commissions Act
Food and Drugs Clause
Delaney Clause
Prior Sanctioned Substance Act

17. The breaking apart of foods into smaller and smaller units is called

Page 3
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
A.
B.
C.
D.

digestion
absorption
metabolism
molecular function

18. The passage of nutrients and other substances into the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, and then into the
bloodstream is called
A.
B.
C.
D.

digestion
absorption
metabolism
molecular function

19. Which of the following is not a function of the GI tract?
A.
B.
C.
D.

transport of ingested food
secretion of digestive enzymes
movement of undigested material
exchange of oxygen within the blood vessels

20. The primary function of the _______________ is to store and concentrate bile from the liver.
A.
B.
C.
D.

kidneys
small intestine
gallbladder
pancreas

21. __________________ kills many disease-causing bacteria that may have been ingested.
A.
B.
C.
D.

pepsin
bile
gastrin
hydrochloric acid

22. Which of the following is not one of the three parts of the small intestine?
A.
B.
C.
D.

duodenum
cecum
jejunum
ileum

23. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
A.
B.
C.
D.

glucose
fructose
galactose
sucrose

24. Virtually the only fuel used by they brain, except during prolonged starvation, when these supplies are too
low is
A.
B.
C.
D.

glucose
fructose
galactose
sucrose

25. The primary sugar in milk and dairy products is
A.
B.
C.

lactose
fructose
sucrose

Page 4
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
D.

maltose

26. Two glucose molecules joined together form
A.
B.
C.
D.

maltose
dextrose
lactose
sucrose

27. Which vitamin plays a primary role in vision and the development of body cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.

vitamin A
vitamin B6
vitamin C
vitamin D

28. Which of the following diseases is associated with a vitamin D deficiency?
A.
B.
C.
D.

scurvy
beriberi
rickets
pellagra

29. Which vitamin is primarily responsible for blood clotting?
A.
B.
C.
D.

vitamin A
vitamin C
vitamin E
vitamin K

30. Newborns are susceptible to ____ deficiency because they have a lack of intestinal bacteria, and therefore,
are given an injection of this vitamin at birth.
A.
B.
C.
D.

vitamin K
vitamin D
vitamin A
vitamin E

31. A common deficiency associated with thiamin is
A.
B.
C.
D.

scurvy
beriberi
rickets
pellagra

32. Which vitamin is a component of acetyl-CoA?
A.
B.
C.
D.

thiamin
vitamin C
folate
pantothenic acid

33. Which is not considered a lipid?
A.
B.
C.
D.

sterols
phospholipids
triglycerides
monosaccharides

34. Trans fatty acids are associated with
A.

increased blood cholesterol levels

Page 5
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
B.
C.
D.

decreased blood cholesterol levels
increased blood carbon levels
decreased blood carbon levels

35. Which of the following enzymes are involved in lipid digestion?
A.
B.
C.
D.

pancreatic lipase, glycerol, fatty acids, lingual lipase, gastric lipase, and pancreatic
lipase
lingual lipase, pancreatic lipase, and glycerol
gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, and fatty acids
lingual lipase, gastric lipase, and pancreatic lipase

36. Elevated levels of ____ in the blood increase the risk of artery and heart diseases.
A.
B.
C.
D.

low density lipoproteins- LDL
intermediate density lipoproteins- IDL
very –low density lipoproteins- VLDL
high density lipoproteins- HDL

37. Which is not a risk factor for heart disease?
A.
B.
C.
D.

high blood pressure
high blood cholesterol
smoking
high fiber intake

38. Just as glucose is the basic building block of carbohydrate, ___ are the basic building blocks of protein.
A.
B.
C.
D.

lipids
amino acids
enzymes
collagen

39. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions without being used up or destroyed in the process are called
A.
B.
C.
D.

amino acids
enzymes
oxidative cells
antibodies

40. Individuals with _______________ disease cannot properly digest gluten found in wheat, rye, and oats.
A.
B.
C.
D.

kwashiorkor
celiac
marasmus
colic

41. Excess dietary protein can cause
A.
B.
C.
D.

loss of vitamin C
kwashiorkor
loss of calcium
marasmus

42. Obesity is a risk factor for which of the following chronic diseases?
A.
B.
C.
D.

heart disease
diabetes
cancer
all of the above

43. Which of the following is not a function of water?

Page 6
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
A.
B.
C.
D.

carries food through the digestive system
transports nutrients to cells and tissues
serves as a shock absorber and cleaning agent
provides caloric energy in the body

44. The most sodium in a typical American diet comes from
A.
B.
C.
D.

table salt
sauces and condiments
processed foods
smoked meat and cheeses

45. Over 99% of calcium in the body is found within the
A.
B.
C.
D.

liver and spleen
muscles and skin
bones and teeth
stomach and small intestine

46. Which mineral is responsible for making muscles contract or relax?
A.
B.
C.
D.

boron
magnesium
sodium
calcium

47. Which mineral participates with over 300 types of enzyme-driven reactions, including those in DNA and
protein synthesis, blood clotting, muscle contraction, and ATP production?
A.
B.
C.
D.

calcium
boron
magnesium
sodium

48. Which mineral is known for transporting oxygen in blood?
A.
B.
C.
D.

iron
zinc
copper
calcium

49. Which of the following energy systems is aerobic?
A.
B.
C.
D.

ATP-CP
lactic acid energy system
oxygen energy system
both ATP-CP and oxygen system

50. The oxygen-energy system can extract energy from which of the following source(s)?
A.
B.
C.
D.

fat
protein
glucose
both fat and glucose

51. Which type of muscle fibers can maintain low-intensity muscular activities for prolonged periods of time?
A.
B.
C.
D.

fast twitch
medium twitch
slow twitch
anaerobic twitch

Page 7
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
52. Pre-exercise meals should consist primarily of
A.
B.
C.
D.

carbohydrate
fat
protein
vitamins

53. A natural stimulant that is thought to affect athletic performance through facilitating signals between the
nervous system and the muscles as well as decreasing an athlete’s perceived effort during exercise is
A.
B.
C.
D.

ATP
caffeine
chromium
ginseng

54. Which supplement has been used to promote weight loss, and to improve athletic performance?
A.
B.
C.
D.

pyruvate
creatine
carnitine
chromium

55. During a marathon, approximately 98% of your muscles’ needs are met by the
A.
B.
C.
D.

ATP-CP energy system
oxygen-energy system
lactic acid energy system
mitochondria energy system

56. Which vitamin is crucial for reducing the possibility of spina bifida and other neural tube defects during
pregnancy?
A.
B.
C.
D.

biotin
folic acid
niacin
riboflavin

57. High levels of vitamin _______________may be teratogenic, causing birth defects.
A.
B.
C.
D.

A
B12
C
D

58. For women of normal weight, the recommended weight gain during pregnancy is
A.
B.
C.
D.

35–40 pounds
30–35 pounds
25–35 pounds
15–30 pounds

59. What is the thick, yellow fluid secreted by the breast during pregnancy and in the first days after delivery that
provides immune support to the baby?
A.
B.
C.
D.

let-down reflex
transitional milk
colostrum
prolactin

60. By the first birthday, an infant typically __________ his or her birth weight.

Page 8
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
A.
B.
C.
D.

doubles
triples
quadruples
maintains

61. A typical infant requires about _________ kilocalories per kilogram of body weight.
A.
B.
C.
D.

50
100
200
250

62. Which deficiency will most likely impair a child’s growth, mood, attention span, focus, and ability to learn?
A.
B.
C.
D.

iron
sodium
vitamin C
vitamin A

63. Which vitamin deficiency can possibly lead to permanent blindness?
A.
B.
C.
D.

vitamin A
vitamin B6
vitamin C
vitamin D

64. Infants and toddlers younger than 2 years of age need _________ in their diets for growth, organ protection,
and central nervous system development.
A.
B.
C.
D.

carbohydrate
fat
protein
vitamins

65. Which factor is not involved in the development of obesity in childhood?
A.
B.
C.
D.

genetics
behavior
age
activity level

66. At least 20 to 30 minutes of sunlight exposure 3 times per week should provide enough vitamin _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.

A
C
D
K

67. Energy needs, in total kilocalories per day, are greater during _____________ than any other time of life.
A.
B.
C.
D.

adulthood
adolescence
childhood
infancy

68. Maintaining adequate calcium intake reduces the rate of
A.
B.
C.
D.

vitamin A synthesis
age-related bone loss
age-related vision loss
hypervitaminosis

Page 9
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
69. Approximately ______________ people die in the United States each year from foodborne illnesses.
A.
B.
C.
D.

500
5,000
50,000
500,000

70. Which is not considered a common food allergen?
A.
B.
C.
D.

milk
peanut
soy
chicken

71. Which is added to foods to prevent spoilage and increase shelf life?
A.
B.
C.
D.

pasteurization
preservative
irradiation
microorganism

72. True or false? Vitamin D is needed for calcium absorption, and should be considered for the prevention of
osteoporosis.
73. True or false? Blood calcium levels must be kept constant at all costs, even at the expense of bone strength.
74. True or false? The gallbladder releases the hormones insulin and glucagon into the upper part of the small
intestine.
75. True or false? Intrinsic factor is a substance necessary for the absorption of vitamin B 12.
76. True or false? The majority of digestion occurs in the large intestine.
77. True or false? Malnutrition increases the probability of infection, and infection makes the body expend more
energy and nutrients.
78. True or false? Macronutrients supply energy to power muscle contractions and cellular functions.
79. True or false? High HDL levels indicate a healthier cholesterol value than a high LDL level.
80. True or false? A process called hydrogenation creates most trans fatty acids.
81. True or false? People with higher amounts of lean body mass typically have a higher resting metabolic rate.
82. True or false? With weight loss, the number of fat cells declines.
83. True or false? Excess abdominal/visceral fat may increase the risk for certain diseases.
84. True or false? Obesity is defined as a BMI equal to or greater than 30, or a body weight that exceeds 20%
above a recommended weight range in a height-weight table.
85. True or false? Developing a lifestyle for successful weight management during early adulthood typically
leads to healthier behavior patterns throughout life.
86. True or false? A healthy liver can store up to a year’s supply of vitamin A.
87. True or false? Some obese children already deal with the cardiovascular consequences of obesity, such as
lipid abnormalities and hypertension.
88. True or false? The FDA must approve a new food additive before it can be put on the market.
89. True or false? Phytochemicals help neutralize free radicals.

Page 10
Nutrition 100 Final
Name _______Kimberly Hargrave__________________________
90. True or false? Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, and occurs when the cells do not
produce enough insulin or cells ignore the insulin.
91. True or false? Both glucagon and insulin are hormones produced by the pancreas.
92. True or false? When the diet lacks protein, the body breaks down tissue such as muscle, and uses it as a
protein source.
93. True or false? Protein hormones such as insulin play a key role in regulating the amount of glucose in the
blood.
94. True or false? Excess protein consumption may cause dehydration and strain kidney function.
95. True or false? The FDA and EPA recommend that pregnant women, lactating women, and young children
should avoid eating swordfish, king mackerel, or tilefish because they contain high levels of mercury.
96. True or false? To ensure adequate milk production and to avoid nutrient deficiencies, a nursing mother should
consume at least 1,800 kilocalories per day.
97. True or false? A benefit of breast-feeding to the mother is increased uterine contractions, which help the
uterus return to its normal size.

Answer the following short essay question with the information that you have learned from class and your
textbook. The question MUST be answered in your own words and not plagiarized.

98-100 What are phytochemicals, and how do they benefit plants and humans? What role
do they play in our diet? Give 1 specific example of a phytonutrient and where it can be
found?

Our website has a team of professional writers who can help you write any of your homework. They will write your papers from scratch. We also have a team of editors just to make sure all papers are of HIGH QUALITY & PLAGIARISM FREE. To make an Order you only need to click Ask A Question and we will direct you to our Order Page at WriteDemy. Then fill Our Order Form with all your assignment instructions. Select your deadline and pay for your paper. You will get it few hours before your set deadline.