04 Jun Question FIN5SLP03 -4 page paper to include
Question
FIN5SLP03 -4 page paper to include reference page (on page 5) with citations apa format 12 pt font courier new double spaced
Risk and return, portfolio diversification and the Capital Asset Pricing Model; The cost of equity
In this section of the Session Long Project you’ll estimate the cost of equity or the rate of return that your company’s shareholders “require.” This is an important piece of information that every top manager must be able to estimate because it will be an important input in any effort to determine whether any particular course of action by the company will or will not add value to the shareholders.
We are going to use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in order to estimate the rate of return that our shareholders require on their investment. This is the minimum rate of return that these shareholders require. As stated above – we call this rate “the cost of equity” and it is expressed in percentages or in a decimal format.
The CAPM states the following equilibrium relationship between the (excess) rate of return that shareholders of a particular company “j” require (or actually in some sense ‘deserve’ if they fully diversify their investments) and the (excess) expected rate of return on the market portfolio:
Rj – RF = ?j [RM – RF]
It follows that the rate of return that shareholders require or expect to earn on their investment in the shares of the company, or ‘the cost of equity’ is:
Rj = RF + ?j [RM – RF]
In order to estimate the cost of equity for your company, you need to obtain an estimate of the company’s “beta” or systematic risk coefficient, on the annual rate of return on a risk-free investment, and on the expected rate of return on the “market portfolio.” You can easily find that information by going to the following web site: http://finance.yahoo.com and insert the name of your company. The beta of the company is reported on that web site.
Click on the “key statistics” link on the left hand side of the screen to find the beta and other information.
First out what is the present Yield to Maturity (YTM) on a US Government bond that matures in one year. That rate is the “risk-free rate.”
Next, it is customary to assume that the difference between the expected rate of return on the “market portfolio” and the risk-free rate of return is about 7.0%. This is the expression [RM – RF]. So, if for example, the risk-free rate of interest is, say, 3% per year, than the expected rate of return on the “market portfolio,” RM, is 10%. So, multiply the “beta” of your SLP Company by 7.0%. That will be the equivalent of your company’s ?j [RM – RF]. Then add to that number the current yield to maturity on a US Government bond [see step (1) above]. You are free to try to research and find more up to date values of RM and RF, but to simplify this assignment you can also assume that RF = 3, RM =10 and [RM – RF]= 7.
The above procedure provides you with an estimate of the rate of return that the shareholders of your SLP Company require on their investment. This rate is called the cost of equity of your company.
After going through these calculations, write a two to three page paper with the following information:
1) Show your work that you used to obtain the cost of equity for your SLP company.
2) Is this cost of equity higher or lower than you expected? The average cost of capital for a firm in the S&P 500 is 10.2 percent. Would you think your firm should have a lower or a higher cost of capital than the average firm?
3) Look up the betas for some of the other companies that you compared your SLP company to for your Module 2 SLP. These are the companies that you had to explain had a higher or lower discount rate than your SLP company. Using these betas, compute the cost of equity for these firms. How do they compare to your SLP company? Are you surprised that some firms have a higher or lower cost of equity than your SLP company?
4) How would you go about finding the cost of equity using the dividend growth model or the arbitrage pricing theory for your SLP company? Don’t worry, you don’t actually have to do any calculations – just explain how you would go about doing these calculations and explain what kind of additional information you might need.
Session Long Project (SLP) Expectations:
In Module 3 SLP, you are expected to:
?Describe the purpose of the paper and conclusion.
?Answer the SLP questions clearly and provide necessary details.
?Provide a quality argument; that is, no poor sentence structure, no spelling and grammar mistakes or run-on sentences.
?Provide citations to support your argument and references on a separate page. Please use APA format to provide citations and references.
?Answer all the SLP questions in an essay format instead of point format. Please do not type questions in the paper.
?Type and double space the paper.
?The following criteria will also be used to assess your paper:
>Focus
>Breadth (comprehensive quality of written paper)
>Depth (deepness of thought)
>Precision (doing what asked to do)
>Clarity (clearness of thought)
?Critical thinking (application of logic and intellectual criteria such as clarity, creditability, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, and significance)
In addition, this paper will be graded with the following criteria in mind:
A. Provide a direct answer to all four assignment questions, focus only on these four questions.
B. Reference all of your sources of information, both within the text as well as with a bibliography at the end.
C. For all calculations, show all of your work and demonstrate that you understand the steps.
SLP Reading:
Dividend Growth Models
Investopedia.com (2011). The Gordon growth model. Retrieved February, 2011, from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gordongrowthmodel.asp
Pages.stern.nyu.edu (n.d.). Dividend discount models. Retrieved February, 2011, from http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/valn2ed/ch13.pdf
Clark, T. (2000). Earnings Growth and Stock Returns. Retrieved February, 2011, from http://www.dfaus.com/2009/05/earnings-growth-and-stock-returns.html ; http://www.dfaus.com/library/articles/earning_growth_stock/
Capital Asset Pricing Model
Investopedia.com (2011). Financial concepts: capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Retrieved February, 2011, from http://www.investopedia.com/university/concepts/concepts8.asp
This Article on Investment Analysis is a highly comprehensive overview on measuring risk and the use of the CAPM. This article is a good place to start because it will give you an idea of how the CAPM is used in the “real world” as well as demonstrate the basic concepts of this Module.
Valuebasedmanagement.net (2011). Capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Retrieved February, 2011, from http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_capm.html
En.wikipedia.org (2011). Capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Retrieved February, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_asset_pricing_model
Arbitrage Pricing Theory
Goetzmann, W. (1996). Chapter six: the arbitrage pricing theory. an introduction to investment theory. Yale School of Management [Online]. Retrieved February, 2011, from http://viking.som.yale.edu/will/finman540/classnotes/class6.html
Money Terms (2011). Arbitrage pricing theory. Retrieved February, 2011, from http://moneyterms.co.uk/apt/
Otuteye, E. (1998). The arbitrage pricing dichotomy. Canadian Investment Review, 11(4), 60-64. Retrieved February, 2011.
Boehme, R. (n.d.). Chapter 11: arbitrage pricing theory (APT). Retrieved February, 2011, from http://www.rdboehme.com/MBA_CF/Chap_11.pdf
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