08 Jun Environmental Biology
Question
The “Green Revolution” refers to
Answer
a recent political shift in Germany & other European countries toward policies that promote sustainability
the shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture
post-WW II programs to breed crops w/ increased yield
the shift from resource-based agriculture to demand-based agriculture
Which of the following is NOT a major cause of deforestation on Earth?
Answer
Government policies like MUSYA
Overconsumption and overharvesting
Fire
Inequitable land ownership
Roads
Macronutrients like _____ can be used to meet the dietary requirement of 2000 calories per day whereas micronutrients like _____ are needed only in small amounts to promote metabolic processes.
Answer
niacin, calcium, and zinc ; meats, oils, sugars
kwashiokor ; marasmus
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates ; vitamins and minerals
membranes and hormones ; antioxidants
1 points
The major food source for humans is _____, three of which (_____, _____, and _____) deliver the majority of the world’s nutrients.
Answer
protein ; tropical forests, chapparal, coral reefs
livestock ; cattle, poultry, fish
grains ; wheat, rice, maize
Resistance occurs when a population of bacteria, insect, rodents, etc.
Answer
is not affected by chemicals because the pesticide chemicals do not break down in the environment.
becomes too numerous for chemicals to control.
grows extremely large because of chemical misapplications.
genetically changes (through natural selection) and is no longer affected by a pesticide.
All of the following are improvements or additions to agriculture that would increase the efficiency of water use and the quality of runoff except:
Answer
metering (measurement) of water usage
more drip irrigation and less flood irrigation
increased use of buffers between fields and streams
use of moisture sensors to prevent over-watering
increased use of salt tolerant plants
1 points
Environmental resistance is composed of any and all factors that
Answer
increase population growth rates.
produce an S-shaped growth curve.
tend to produce a J-shaped growth curve.
counteract abiotic growth regulating factors.
Bacteria are essential residents of the soil because they carry out chemical reactions of which no other life forms are capable.
Which of the following is not a function performed by bacteria?
Answer
break down wood (cellulose)
convert organic compounds to inorganic compounds
release inorganic nitrogen into the atmosphere
form complex proteins from sand and clay particles
With regard to how they function, parks are
Answer
drastically overfunded by governments.
virtual islands.
the most common target of debt-for-nature swaps.
the best means available for conserving biodiversity.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that potentially could contribute to overshoot of carrying capacity for humans?
Answer
disease
medicines
machines
domesticated crops and animals
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Demographic Transition experienced by a developing nation?
Answer
Switch from acute to chronic diseases
A population shifts from being stable to growing
Reduced death rate (D) due to improved health and sanitation
Reduced birth rate (B) due to education, empowerment, and contraception
The worst silviculture method is clearcutting and the best is _________.
Answer
clearcutting
swidden agriculture
shelterwood cutting
selective cutting
The most significant cause of extinction today is
Answer
over hunting and fishing.
purposeful and accidental introduction of species into areas where they do not naturally occur.
environmental pollution.
habitat destruction
Biodiversity is NOT decreased when humans
Answer
alter environmental conditions
reduce the size of a population
isolate a population from other nearby populations
increase the range of a species
introduce an exotic species that modifies habitat
Which of the following is NOT true regarding soil?
Answer
Soil is being replaced seven times as fast as it is being eroded.
Soil is being lost at an alarming rate due to poor agricultural practices.
Soil is a complex mixture of organisms, minerals, and organic compounds.
Soil is a renewable resource.
Every hectare of soil contains thousands of kg of living organisms.
Sale of public timber by the U.S. Forest Service produces
Answer
substantial net income for public coffers.
income that just offsets management costs producing no net financial loss.
large net government budget losses.
Which of the following is not a component of sustainable agriculture?
Answer
rotating species cultivated each year or growing different species side by side in the same year
limited use of 2nd and 3rd generation pesticides
genetically enhance crops to tolerate salinized soil
improved storage and transportation to reduce pest damage and spoilage
cultivating perennials that grow from the root, not seeds
The foremost world food problem today is
Answer
conservation
salinization
production
spoilage and distribution
Which affliction is NOT caused by a diet low in calories or protein?
Answer
loss of hearing
low resistance to infections
low levels of hemoglobin in the blood
bloated belly and discolored skin
Measures of biodiversity include the number of
Answer
trophic levels and niches present in an area.
different species present.
genetic variants within individual species.
each of these answers is a potential measure of biodiversity.
Which of the following would NOT be used as a biological control agent in IPM to curb a new infestation of exotic maize moths?
Answer
Put fungal spores in an moth trap then release the moths
Spray bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis on trees
Intentionally release a virus known to attack the moths
Introduce a new species of bat that eats the moths in their native range.
Which of the following is not an effective strategy for protecting biodiversity?
Answer
fishing at MSY
buffers
reserves
corridors
Which of the following countries has the highest percentage of overweight adults?
Answer
Cambodia
Russia
China
United States
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