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Please answer original forum with a minimum of 250 words and respond to both student separateLu with a minimum of 100 words each

page 1 original forum and references

page 2 Kenneth  response and references

page 3 claus respons and references

Original Forum

Explain and evaluate the different elements of critical thinking.  Which elements would you use in conducting research and why?  Use examples to support your position. Offer any personal experiences that you have in this regard.

Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 250 words.

Student Response 

kenneth

This week we learned about three elements of critical thinking: evidence, reasoning, and fallacy. Evidence is commonly used to support an argument through truth. With that said, when you believe something to be true and use it as supporting evidence, a fallacy can be introduced. A fallacy is a mistaken belief that can occur for several reasons. Typically, a fallacy occurs due to poor research or reasoning; this brings us to the third element of critical thinking that we learned about this week – reasoning. Reasoning, to me, is doing careful research on a topic while weeding out fact, mistaken beliefs, and fiction. Without good reasoning skills a researcher will never be able to distinguish between evidence, fallacies, or straight up falsehoods.

When conducting research I would want to stay away from fallacies, for obvious reasons, and rely on evidence and reasoning. Using credible supporting evidence, and being able to utilize reasoning skills to determine that said evidence is legit are key to conducting research. All that being said, it is important to understand what a fallacy is in order to avoid it when conducting research.

I grew up in a small college town in southeastern Minnesota, and the name of it has been mispronounced for as long as I can remember. I have asked people in the past why they pronounce it the way they do, and they almost always have said that they heard someone else say it that way, so that must be the way it is pronounced. Others have thought it was pronounced that way due to the way a famous country singer’s name is pronounced (with different spelling, though). This is an example of a fallacy created by the mistaken belief that the name of that town is pronounced that way due to others’ inability to research the correct pronunciation. Had these people went and asked 10-15 people from the town how it is pronounced, they then could have used reasoning skills to deduce that the evidence supports a different pronunciation.

Claus

Good evening all,

Nosich describes evidence together with data and observations as information and states, that when one reasons, information is being used. Another way of looking at evidence to my mind is, that one verifies data to become evidence in order to establish if something is right or not.

Nosich also describes reasoning with eight main elements together with context and alternatives, where some of the eight or all of them may be used in any reasoning. To my mind reasoning could also be said as a way of getting towards logically explanation of an issue.

Tittle looks into fallacy with description of fallacy in different ways, i.e. either/or fallacy, fallacy of composition and division, plus generic fallacy, where the intersection is a false premise. In my perspective, I see fallacies as assumptions that may of have dither best foundation, in other words a flaw in reasoning.

I think that all three elements are important, but they also have intersections, where it from time to time may be difficult to use just one of them. Therefore, I see myself using all three of them together in cooperation with other tools such as Nosich’s eight elements.

In my experience I see that he European Defences are very product minded at the moment, where you as a staff officer sometimes are “forced” to deliver a product that might not have the critical thinking to it’s fullest extend as an ingredient. This has to my opinion  resulted in some poor decisions concerning buying of material for the respectively countries that has proven not to live up to the demand.

Claus Brink

References:

Nosich, G. M. (2012). Learning to Think Things Through: A Guide to Critical Thinking Across the Curriculum. Boston, MA, United States of America: Pearson.

Tittle, P. (2011). Critical Thinking : An Appeal to Reason. New York: Routledge. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip&db=nlebk&AN=347248&site=ehost-live&scope=site