09 Jun BIO Experiment 1: Punnett Square Crosses (Part I, II & III)
Question
Part 1: Punnett Squares
1. Set up and complete Punnett squares for each of the following crosses: (remember Y = yellow, and y = blue)
a. Y Y and Y y Y Y and y y
2. What are the resulting phenotypes?
3. Are there any blue kernels? How can you tell?
4. Set up and complete a Punnett squares for a cross of two of the F1 from Step 1 (above).
5. What are the genotypes of the F2 generation?
6. What are their phenotypes?
7. Are there more or less blue kernels than in the F1 generation?
8. Identify the four possible gametes produced by the following individuals:
a. a) YY Ss: ______ ______ ______ ______
b. b) Yy Ss: ______ ______ ______ ______
c. c) Create a Punnett square using these gametes as P and determine the genotypes of the F1:
9. What are the phenotypes? What is the ratio of those phenotypes?
Part 2: Monohybrid Cross
1. How much genotypic variation do you find in the randomly picked parents of your crosses?
2. How much in the offspring?
3. Pool all of the offspring from your five replicates. How much phenotypic variation do you find?
4. Is the ratio of observed phenotypes the same as the ratio of predicted phenotypes? Why or why not?
5. What is the difference between genes and alleles?
6. How might protein synthesis execute differently if a mutation occurs?
7. Organisms heterozygous for a recessive trait are often called carriers of that trait. What does that mean?
8. In peas, green pods (G) are dominant over yellow pods. If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant, what will be the phenotype of the F1 generation? If two plants from the F1 generation are crossed, what will the phenotype of their offspring be?
Part 3: Dihybrid Cross
1. Why is it so expensive to produce a hybrid plant seed?
2. . In certain bacteria, an oval shape (O) is dominant over round (o) and thick cell walls (T) are dominant over thin (t). Show a cross between a heterozygous oval, thick cell walled bacteria with a round, thin cell walled bacteria. What are the phenotypes of the F1 and F2 offspring?
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