09 Jun the allele information for ABO blood typing to determine
Question
Thus far we have studied genes that have only two possible alleles. This isn’t always the case. Sometimes these multiple alleles will express a hierarchy of dominance. In other cases, there may be co-dominance (where both alleles are fully expressed, resulting in a different phenotype, in a heterozygous situation). Co-dominance differs somewhat from incomplete dominance (where the heterozygote is an intermediate, resulting in incomplete expression of the two alleles).
EXAMPLE:
In humans, one form of blood typing involves the ABO grouping. This is coded for by a
single gene, with multiple alleles that are designated as follows:
IA = A antigen IB= B antigen i = neither antigen
When IA is present in an individual, an A antigen is present on their red blood cells. If the individual were homozygous for this allele, they would have type A blood. When IB is present in an individual, a B antigen is present on their red blood cells. If the individual were homozygous for this allele, they would have type B blood. In situations where an individual has one of each of the co-dominant alleles, they will have BOTH types of antigens (i.e., type AB blood.)
When an individual has one of the co-dominant alleles along with the recessive allele, then the dominant allele is expressed (e.g., IAi would have the A antigens and be type A.) If an individual has two recessive alleles (ii), they have neither A nor B antigens and are called type O (for zero).
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