BIOL 1406 – Review Lab Practcal, General Lab SafeTy

10 Jun BIOL 1406 – Review Lab Practcal, General Lab SafeTy

Question
Review Lab Practical: This review covers all labs. To get ready for the comprehensive practical,

read introduction for each lab

go over experiments that you have performed

understand which textbook concept were related to each experiment

understand why you performed certain steps

role and names of the chemicals that you used in different experiments

understand what results were expected

be able to interpret the data

be able to conclude from give results of experiments similar to the ones you performed.

Lab 1: Introduction to Science

1. Read the introduction, understand the scientific process.

2. Understand the following terms: hypothesis, null hypothesis, qualitative observations, quantitative observations, dependent variable, independent variable, positive control, negative control.

3. If an experiment is described, be able to identify hypothesis, null hypothesis, qualitative observations, quantitative observations, dependent variable, independent variable, positive control and negative control from the given information.

4. Be able to interpret data and draw a conclusion.

5. Be able to identify scientific digits.

6. Be able to solve problems with unit conversions. (You will have to memorize conversion chart for this- conversion of temperature, mass, length and time)

7. Be familiar with questions that you have already solved.

Lab 2: General Lab Safety

1. Read the introduction.

2. Know common equipment required for safety around the lab. Also, know when and how people use it.

3. Be able identify laboratory glassware, be able to read measurements (length, mass, volume and temperature)

4. Know 12 safety rules.

5. Know the basis of pH. What do you mean by neutralization? How would you dilute acid with water?

6. What care should be taken when handling chemicals?

7. What is MSDS?

8. Know “how to respond to accidents”

9. Go over pre-and post-lab questions for reviewing each lab.

Lab 3: Chemical Bonding Fundamentals

1. Read the introduction

2. Understand structure of an atom, know three subatomic particles

3. Understand and be able to use atomic number, mass number and periodic table.

4. From the periodic table, be able to find out atomic number, mass number for different elements and be able to calculate number of electrons, protons and neutrons for elements, ions and isotopes.

5. Understand chemical bonding. Know how atoms can for different types of covalent bonds and ionic bonds.

6. Understand the principle of chromatography.

7. Read over the chromatography experiment and be able to answer questions based on results that will be shown to you.

8. Related to chromatography, know the terms: analyte, stationary phase, mobile phase or solvent front.

Lab 4: Introduction to Microscopy

1. Read the introduction.

2. Know different types of microscopes.

3. Understand and be able to define or recognize definition for: magnification, resolution and contrast.

4. Ba able to label parts of the microscope and know function of each part.

5. Know how we use different objective lenses including oil immersion lens.

6. Know what is used to add contrast to the specimens. Why do we use dyes or stains?

7. Know sizes of different cells.

8. Go over answers of post-lab exercises.

Lab 5: Chemistry of Life

1. Read the introduction.

2. Know the difference between organic and inorganic compounds

3. Know the reactions: dehydration synthesis or condensations and hydrolysis.

4. Know the monomers for carbohydrates, proteins, fats and nucleic acids.

5. How did you test for proteins: know the chemicals used and be able to identify positive and negative tests.

6. Given a picture, be able to identify results for the presence of proteins in a solution.

7. Go over the experiment of exploring cell size.

Lab 10: Unicellular Organisms

1. Know basic parts of a cell

2. Know the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

3. Know examples of each:- Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

4. Know the parts and functions of cellular components of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

5. Know the difference between animal and plant cells

6. Know the major characteristics and examples of : bacteria, archaea, protsits and fungi

Lab 6: Diffusion and Osmosis

1. Read the introduction.

2. Know the structural components and properties of membrane.

3. Know the definitions of the following terms: diffusion, osmosis, dialysis, tonicity, isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic, solute, solvent and solution.

4. Know what factors can affect the rate of diffusion?

5. Know what is concentration gradient and dynamic equilibrium.

6. What is the role of membrane proteins?

7. What is passive transport and what is active transport?

8. If set up similar to the experiments you have done is shown, be able to recognize the principle behind it and be able to interpret results.

Lab 7: Enzyme Catalysis

1. Read the introduction.

2. Know and be able to define the terms enzyme, substrate, product, cofactor

3. What happens to enzyme molecules or enzyme activity at different temperatures, pH and salt concentration? Be able to interpret graphs.

4. What do you mean by a competitive inhibitor?

5. Know common household items that may have enzymes.

6. Which enzyme did you study at home? How did you study the activity of this enzyme?

7. From pictures, be able to recognize which tubes show maximum or minimum activity of amylase.

8. What is the substrate for amylase? What is the product of amylase?

9. What is the substrate for catalase? What is the product of catalase?

10. In the catalase experiment, what was the use of balloon diameter measurement?

Lab 8: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

1. Read the introduction.

2. Why is cell respiration necessary?

3. Which cells did you use to see fermentation?

4. What are the products of aerobic respiration, lactate fermentation and ethanol fermentation?

5. Which of the above produces more energy?

6. How do you measure CO2 produced?

7. Which sugar would be used efficiently by yeast?

8. Why did you use bromothymol blue?

9. Will change in temperature have effect on bean germination and CO2 production?

Lab 10.2:

10. Understand the preparation of yogurt experiment

a. What is the organism responsible for yogurt formation?

b. What happens to the pH of milk when these organisms start growing?

c. What happens to the milk protein when pH drops down?

d. Why did we perform this experiment with respiration/fermentation lab?

Lab 15: Photosynthesis and Plant pigments

1. Read the introduction.

2. Know the reaction for photosynthesis.

3. Where in a plant would you find photosynthetic pigment?

4. How would you separate different pigments?

5. What were the results when you us chromatography?

6. Know the different parts of chloroplast.

Lab 11: Mitosis and Meiosis

1. Read the introduction

2. Know the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?

3. What do organisms use mitosis for?

4. What do organisms use meiosis for?

5. Be able to identify various stages of cell cycle based on description and figures.

6. Be able to identify various stages of mitosis based on description and figures and pictures with beads.

7. Be able to identify various stages of meiosis based on description and figures and pictures with beads.

8. What is the significance of recombination/crossover?

9. What is random alignment?

10. What are the products of mitosis and meiosis?

11. What are the products of spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Lab 13: Genetics

1. Read the introduction

2. Know the following terms: gene, allele, chromosome, chromatid, sister chromatid, homologous chromosome, non-homologous chromosome, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, hybrid

3. Be able to solve problems with: complete dominance, incomplete dominance, test cross, monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, multiple alleles, blood typing, X-linked inheritance, autosomal inheritance.

Lab 12: Transcription and Translation:

1. Know the definitions for transcription and translation

2. Know the different molecules involved in transcription and translation

3. Be able to find amino acid sequence based on a DNA template or mRNA template using a codon usage table.