11 Jun Bio105 M5 Homework Assignment – Evolutionary trees are important
Module 5 Homework Assignment
Chapter 10:
1. Evolutionary trees are important in helping to explain the history of life. Outline the difference between how evolutionary trees were constructed in the 20th how they are constructed today. Explain what types of information these trees can and cannot convey.
• The physical features or characteristics are used to outline the difference between evolutionary trees. Today, with the advent of technology, DNA sequencing (examining the base-pair sequence of DNA) is used to construct evolutionary trees. These trees are used to determine the history because of the age of a tree. The trees define which groups of organisms are most closely related and the adaptation.
Chapter 11:
1. The cheetah is an amazingly fast cat that hunts its prey on the African savannas, sprinting for short distances at speeds approaching 70 miles per hour. The sloth in the Amazon rain forests of South America is a very slow creature that hangs from a tree by all four limbs and eats vegetation. How can this difference-that the cheetah can sprint at high speeds, while the sloth moves almost in slow motion- be explained in evolutionary terms? What modifications might occur to the cheetah’s ability to run if it were to occupy the same niche as the sloth, assuming the cheetah had no natural enemies there?
• Both animals are in different environment and receive energy from the different food they consume. Sloths only receiving vegetation which includes carbohydrates. The energy of the sloth is not enough to provide the sloth to move very fast. Cheetahs eat meat which contains proteins, fats and carbs. The energy provided in the meat allows the cheetah to move at a very fast rate. The cheetah has the body makeup for running, such as the spine being flexible and has an enlarged heart in order for supplying the oxygen to the blood.
2. Explain why an ectotherm, such as a snake, requires only an occasional meal, while an endotherm, such as a mouse, requires more frequent meals to survive?
• Snakes live using temperature, this explains the need for a heat lamp in a snake cage to continually keep the temperature warm. The energy from the mouse is used for heat production. The snake does not need to maintain constant internal temperature using food, the mouse however requires food to maintain its internal temperature.
Chapter 12:
1. What distinguishes a vascular plant from a nonvascular plant? How do these differences affect their geographic distribution?
• Non-vascular plant and vascular plants have different genetic make-up. The non-vascular plants do not have the same tissue that conducts the water. Vascular plants have the tub-like structure which allows water to be carried.
2. If all animals became extinct, what changes would occur in plant communities? Why?
• If animals became extinct plant will have nothing to pollinate them because most plants are dependent on the pollination of animals to continue to grow. And as a result, there will be no bearing of fruits or seeds, therefore, population of plants will reduce.
Chapter 13:
1. Complete the following chart on the characteristics of microbes:
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Bacteria Archaea Protists Viruses
Unicellular, colonial, or multicellular?
Plasma membrane?
Peptidoglycan in cell wall?
Flagella? What type?
Presence of nucleus?
Intracellular organelles?
Type of genetic material (DNA, RNA, or both possible)?
Chromosome structure (linear or circular)?
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