Which is a biotic component of a marine ecosystem

11 Jun Which is a biotic component of a marine ecosystem

uestion
Which is a biotic component of a marine ecosystem?
Detritus on the ocean floor

The oxygen concentration of the water

Rocks on the ocean floor

The temperature of the water

2. Manatee mortality rates have been studied extensively to determine the greatest threats to their populations and to help develop protection plans. The table below shows fractions of mortality due to various causes based on data from salvaging manatee carcasses from 2001 to 2009. Based on the table below, what would be the most effective regulations to introduce to protect manatees in this region?

Manatee Mortality Rates by CauseCause

Adult Mean % of Mortality Calf Mean % of Mortality

Watercraft 0.54 0.36

Marine debris 0.03 0.02

Regulations to enforce no wake zones for boats

Regulations to prevent excessive runoff

Regulations to penalize littering

Regulations to reduce carbon emissions

3 The interaction between seagrass and its environment impacts its distribution and abundance. What do you predict are three abiotic causes of declines in seagrass communities?

Aquaculture development, predation, and overfishing

Climate change, reduced plant reproduction, and increasing severity of tropical storms

Industrial and agricultural runoff, coastal infrastructure development, and dredging

Overpopulation of sea turtles, urchins, and crabs

4. In a typical marine food chain, which role do small, herbivorous fish occupy?

Decomposer

Primary producer

Primary consumer

Secondary consumer

5. The illustration shows a representative food web found in the marine environment. Consider the phytoplankton at the base of the food web. How does the energy that it needs to survive originally enter the food web?

See attachment doc

The energy comes from the baleen whales.

The energy comes from the carnivorous zooplankton.

The energy comes from the krill.

The energy comes from the sun.

6. A marine ecologist has constructed the conceptual model shown in the diagram. Which prediction can be made from using this model?

see attachment doc

Where the tertiary consumers get their energy

How often primary producers are able to reproduce

When bacteria and fungi initiate the process of decomposition

Whether other secondary consumers are present

7. Which of the choices below is the best description of how commensalism differs from mutualism?

One organism is harmed in commensalism, but neither is harmed in mutualism.

One organism is not affected in mutualism, but both are affected in commensalism.

Only one organism benefits in commensalism, while both benefit in mutualism.

Only one organism benefits in mutualism, while both benefit in commensalism.

8. Some “cleaner fish” consume parasites and mucus from the skin of larger fish. What would be a reasonable argument for why this could be a mutualism rather than a commensal relationship?

The cleaner fish prefer to consume mucus from the larger fish rather than parasites.

The cleaner fish reduce the number of parasites on the larger fish.

The larger fish are healthier when the cleaner fish are not present.

The larger fish have no difference in parasite load when the cleaner fish are present.

9. Which of the following statements provides the best evidence of straightforward predation, rather than a symbiotic relationship such as parasitism?

A type of fly has larvae that burrow into and grow within a host snail while they consume it.

Crown of thorns starfish roam the reef consuming coral polyps.

Nematode worms live in the intestines of marine fish.

Zooxanthellae live within corals and provide photosynthetic products to the corals.

10 What could be one possible effect on human health due to an oil spill?

Greenhouse gases being emitted into our atmosphere from the vessel can have a negative impact on our air quality.

Greenhouse gases being emitted into our atmosphere from the vessel can cause temperatures to rise on our planet.

Oil from the oil spill could enter aquatic organisms, like fish, which could make people sick.

Oil from the oil spill could enter aquatic organisms, like fish, which would negatively impact the environment.

11.Which of the following is a large scale environmental impact caused by the shipment of materials across the world’s ocean?

Decreased world temperatures due to the ships burning fuels

Increased population size of humans due to materials being transported

The potential of waste or sewage dumping from the ships into the ocean

The decrease of dolphin populations across the oceans

12. Oil spills happen in our oceans. Some oils contain volatile organic compounds; these compounds make the oil denser. What large-scale impacts could this kind of oil spill have on the ocean environment?

Oil is natural and doesn’t have an overall negative impact on the ocean environment.

Oil that is denser will sink and have a negative impact on the ocean environment.

Oil that is denser will float on the ocean’s surface and will have a negative impact on the environment.

Oil will impact only a small area of the ocean and not have a large-scale impact on the environment.

13. Why must scientific claims be reproducible?

So that other scientists can verify the results and offer supporting evidence or alternative explanations.

So that other scientists can’t verify the results and offer supporting evidence or alternative explanations.

So that scientists can take someone else’s data and use it in their own scientific investigation.

Scientific claims do not have to be reproducible.

14. What type of evidence could be used to convince policy makers to pass a law to help reduce overfishing, and how does this show cooperation between scientists?

Scientists could collect and combine data on fish populations all around the world to show that their populations are declining.

Scientists collect and combine data on fish populations all around the world to show that their populations are increasing.

Scientists work together and use past data to show that fish populations are becoming locally extinct in some areas.

Scientists work together and use past data to show that some fish populations are adapting to environmental changes.

15. Which biological process involves the accumulation of toxins and pollutants in the upper levels of a food chain?

Biomagnification

Competitive exclusion

Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

16. An oil spill has occurred close to a coral reef, threatening to spread out over hundreds of miles. Why would the method seen in the picture be effective at preserving the area?

see attachment doc

It acts as a floating barrier that keeps oil on the surface from contaminating the reef.

It allows oil-eating bacteria to pass through it, eliminating the oil spill before it reaches the reef.

It creates additional waves and currents, which help push the oil away from the habitat.

It produces special chemicals that would protect the reef by inducing dormancy in the animals.

17. The biodiversity of which species is most likely the first one impacted by an oil spill along the coast?

Seabirds and others that swim close to the shoreline

Shrimp and others that live on the seafloor

Sharks and those living away from the coast in open waters

Whales and those that migrate long distances

18. How can an oil spill result in a loss of biodiversity?

Large die-offs in the affected areas reduce the number of species.

Oil in the animals’ bodies causes them to mate with individuals outside of their species.

The oil causes many species to extend their ranges beyond suitable conditions.

Weather changes resulting from the spill prevent animal reproduction.