sci 115 – Think up a hypothesis that could explain

11 Jun sci 115 – Think up a hypothesis that could explain

Question
CLASS.

PART I:

1. a. Think up a hypothesis that could explain the phenomenonbelow (5 pts.):

How does a particular species of disease bacteria develop “resistance” to antibiotics in human bodies?

“Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply causing more harm. Bacteria can do this through several mechanisms. Some bacteria develop the ability to neutralize the antibiotic before it can do harm, others can rapidly pump the antibiotic out, and still others can change the antibiotic attack site so it cannot affect the function of the bacteria”.

http://www.rxlist.com/antibiotic_resistance-page3/drugs-condition.htm

b. Devise a set of experiments and/or observations to test your hypothesis:

2. Is it possible to use the methods of science to test the hypothesis, “All creatures were made by God”? If it is possible, design experiments or observations to prove it. If it is not possible, explain why it isn’t. (3 pts.)

I don’t believe it is possible simply because God is something that can’t be seen or touched. So how do we know he created all animals? We have scientific proof to show how animals developed. What we don’t have is animals appearing out of nowhere. God is something that you have to have faith in, Faith being something that you can’t see or feel but believe it’s real. So this is why I believe that we cannot test this hypothesis.

3. What is a Theory and how is it different from a hypothesis? (2 pts.)

A theory is an explanation of something that is widely supported by undisputable evidence. Whereas a hypothesis is an estimated explanation that isn’t supported by much definitive evidence and can be tested.

4. What are enzymes and what is their function in organisms?Create drawings to illustrate your answer.(5 pts.)

Enzymes are catalysts that speed up the rate at which metabolic processes and reactions occur in living organisms.

How Do Enzymes Work in the Human Body?

5. Draw a diagram that shows the relationship between Genes, Chromosomes and DNA. (5 pts.)

6. What are the relationships between DNA, amino acids, proteins and the traits of organisms (like eye color)?[Note this is not a question asking you to explain the process of protein synthesis – that will come later].(8 pts.)

The relationship between DNA, amino acids, proteins, and the trait of organism are thateach one of these are the reason for your unique genetic makeup

7.Create fully labeled diagrams and explain the process of protein synthesis in your own words.(12 pts.)

Include:

? DNA

? messenger RNA (mRNA)

? transfer RNA (tRNA)

? protein molecule

? specific amino acids

? ribosomes

?

8. Write a short essay,in your own words, in which you explain the relationships between MEIOSIS, SEXUAL REPRODUCTION, CROSSOVER and other MUTATIONS, and, EVOLUTION by NATURAL SELECTION.(10 pts.)

Include the following points:

? Of what use is SEX – other than procreation, pleasure and bonding?

? What is GENETIC DIVERSITY?

? Why is genetic diversity SO important to EVOLUTION?

? Why don’t most creatures just reproduce by ASEXUAL (non-sexual) means?

? How is meiosis important for natural selection?

? How are crossover and other mutations important for natural selection.

? What would happen to evolution if there was no MEIOSIS, CROSSOVER, MUTATIONS, or SEXUAL REPRODUCTION?

Genetic diversity is the vast numbers of different species as well as the diversity within a species.“Genetic diversity is important because it helps maintain the health of a population, by including alleles that may be valuable in resisting diseases, pests and other stresses. Maintaining diversity gives the population a buffer against change, providing the flexibility to adapt”.Meiosis allows the recombination of alleles, which would result in variation. Variation is important for natural selection because the different characteristics that are more fit for a species is more favorable. Without meiosis, the characteristics of a species would remain the same and would have a higher chance of dying out.

http://maize.teacherfriendlyguide.org/index.php/genetic-diversity-and-evolution

9. Explain, step by step, the evolution of the “new” long-necked giraffe species from their older short-necked ancestral species using the four points of Darwin’s (and Wallace’s) Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, as presented in class. Note: You must apply this to the giraffes!(16PTS.)

I. Short neck giraffes were there first

II.

III.

IV.

10. Explain: Creationism, “Creation Science”and Intelligent Design are not sciences. What are they? (6 points).

They are religious driven thoughts arguments an ideas behind the thought of god’s existence.

https://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/philosop/creation.htm

11. Explain the relationships between genetic switches found on chromosomes, higher level genes such as HOX genes, regular genes that control traits, embryological development and evolution. (8 points).?

PART II: QUESTIONS FROM “YOUR INNER FISH”

Choose 1 of the following questions to answer,in your own words, for each SECTION – 5 points each. Circle the numbers of those you will answer and write the number of the question in the blank.

SECTION A

1. What is one of the greatest transitions in the history of life on Earth?

2. What kind of animal has scales, fins, a flat head, eyes on top of head, and a neck, and inside the fins, has upper arms, forearms and wrists?

SECTION A: #__2_

A tetrapod

SECTION B

3. What is the reason the wing of a bat and the arm of a human share a common skeletal pattern? A frog’s leg and human arm? A bird’s wing and a human arm? A whale’s fluke and a human arm? Explain.

4. Where have all of our extraordinary human capabilities come from? Explain.

SECTION B: #_4__

Through evolutionary process, human’s upper arms have refined in a way that allow them to have full rotations in their wrist and developed opposable thumbs.

SECTION C

5. Compare the development of teeth, breasts, feathers and hair.

6. Explain: we are all modified sharks! Consider embryology.

SECTION C: #_5__

Teeth, breast, feathers, and hair all develop from interactions between layers of the skin

SECTION D

7. What evidence do we have that our bodies are segmented?

8. The essence of your head is from ancient worms! Explain.

SECTION D: #__7_

The evidence that we are segmented is in our vertebra. Individual vertebra spinal columns have nerve patterns that go to a specific part of our body. For example are leg muscles supplied by nerves in the lower section of the spinal column

EXTRA CREDIT (10 points): Does Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection specifically attack anyone’s religious beliefs? Explain in your own words.How might a religious person combine scientific knowledge about the process of evolution with their own religious beliefs?