Transcription and translation – What is the difference

11 Jun Transcription and translation – What is the difference

Question
Transcription/Translation Lab

Next, complete the following questions about transcription and translation.

1. What is the difference between transcription and translation? Where in the cell do they occur?

2. Define codon and anticodon?

4. Fill in the missing information on the chart.

Name Function

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

tRNA

type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes

5. Here is one strand of DNA. Write out the complementary DNA strand

ATG-GGG-CTA-AAG-CCT-GGG-CTG-CGA-TCC-AAT

6. Write out the messenger RNA strand that would result from transcription of complimentary DNA strand you wrote in #5

7. Using the genetic code, translate the messenger RNA strand in #6 into a sequence of amino acids (proteins). Write out the full names of the amino acids below:

Figure 17.4

____ 12. Figure 17.4 represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine). Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

a. UGG

b. GUG

c. GUA

d. UUC

e. CAU

____ 13. The tRNA shown in Figure 17.4 has its 3′ end projecting beyond its 5′ end. What will occur at this 3′ end?

a. The codon and anticodon complement one another.

b. The amino acid binds covalently.

c. The excess nucleotides (ACCA) will be cleaved off at the ribosome.

d. The small and large subunits of the ribosome will attach to it.

e. The 5′ cap of the mRNA will become covalently bound.

____ 14. Which of the following is not true of RNA processing?

a. Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.

b. Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA.

c. Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.

d. RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes.

e. A primary transcript is often much longer than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

The following questions refer to Figure 17.5, a table of codons.

Figure 17.5

____ 15. Using Figure 17.5, identify a 5′ ? 3′ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys.

a. 5′-UUUGGGAAA-3′

b. 5′-GAACCCCTT-3′

c. 5′-AAAACCTTT-3′

d. 5′-CTTCGGGAA-3′

e. 5′-AAACCCUUU-3′

Figure 12-2

____ 16. In which part of the cell does this process shown in Figure 12-2 take place?

a. in the nucleus c. at the ribosomes

b. in food vacuoles d. on the chromosome

____ 17. Structure III in Figure 12-2 represents a(n) ____.

a. gene c. codon

b. amino acid d. DNA molecule

____ 18. The process illustrated in Figure 12-2 is called ____.

a. translation c. monoploidy

b. replication d. transcription

____ 19. Which of the structures in Figure 12-2 are composed of RNA?

a. II and IV c. I and V

b. III and IV d. III and V