11 Jun What are enzymes and what are they for
Question
Bio Questions
1. What are enzymes and what are they for?
2. What are the different processes that use or produce cellular energy?
3. (Which one has the most or least available energy?)
4. Which processes produce ATP? Which ones require enzymes? Which one in prokaryotes
and eukaryotes? Which one occurs in mitochondria, cytosol, or chloroplast?
5. What are the inputs and outputs for the major steps of respiration and photosynthesis?
6. (Where is there lots or not much energy being produced in those?)
7. What are the major parts of photosynthesis? Light and dark reactions? Calvin cycle?
8. Where are the electrons coming from in photosynthesis?
9. Where does electron transport happen?
10. What are the products of cellular respiration?
11. What is the difference between respiration and fermentation?
12. Difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
13. What does the Calvin cycle do?
14. What happens in photosystem 1 and 2 and what is the difference between photosystem
1 and 2?
15. What type of molecule is ATP?
16. How is information stored in DNA?
17. What is the endosymbiotic theory, and what evidence supports it?
18. Explain the importance of enzymes to cellular function and activity
19. Define substrate, active site, co-factor, co-enzyme 20. Explain how pH, temperature, or other factors influence enzyme structure (and,
therefore, function)
21. Explain the relationship between optimal enzyme conditions and an organism’s habitat
(evolutionarily speaking)
22. Describe and recognize the structure of ATP
23. List examples of cellular work and explain how ATP supports cellular work
24. List the important biochemical steps of the central pathway, the products of each step,
and the importance of those products to life
25. Explain the processes of ATP hydrolysis and ADP phosphorylation
26. How does the Carbon Cycle and relate to respiration/fermentation/photosynthesis
27. Define, recognize, and give examples of the major nutritional modes of life
(chemo/hetero/photo/autotrophic)
28. Describe the role of O2 in chemoheterotrophic growth
29. Compare and contrast 1) aerobic respiration with anaerobic respiration, 2) respiration
with fermentation, and 3) aerobic respiration with photosynthesis
30. Describe the biochemical events of respiration, fermentation, and photosynthesis with
respect to oxidation/reduction and ATP production
31. Identify the oxidized and reduced forms of electron carriers (NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H;
FAD/FADH2)
32. Describe the ETC (electron transport chain), chemiosmosis, and oxidative
phosphorylation in eukaryotes, including as it relates to mitochondrial structure and
chloroplast structure
33. Predict what would happen to ATP production during respiration under different
scenarios
34. Draw a mitochondrion and a chloroplast and label their important membranes and
spaces
35. Compare and contrast mitochondrial and chloroplast structure
36. Discuss how respiration and photosynthesis can occur in prokaryotic cells 37. State the Endosymbiotic Theory
38. List the evidence in support of the Endosymbiotic Theory
39. Define photorespiration ~ when does it occur? What is its outcome?
40. Compare and contrast C3, C4, and CAM plants
41. Describe how C4 and CAM plants are adapted to decrease photorespiration
42. Define a gene
43. List the necessary molecular ingredients for transcription and translation and describe
their functions
44. Describe the steps to transcription and translation
45. Predict the RNA product of a gene (its sequence and orientation)
46. Explain the processing steps in a eukaryotic pre-mRNA
47. How are the structural components of ribosome involved in translation
48. Name the organelles of the endomembrane system
49. Describe the function of the organelles of the endomembrane system, including how
each contributes to the overall process of protein secretion
50. What is the order of the secretion pathway of a protein through the endomembrane
system
51. Discuss the importance of other cellular structures (ribosome, cytoskeleton) to protein
synthesis and secretion
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