The California Condor was part of an aggressive

11 Jun The California Condor was part of an aggressive

Question
The California Condor was part of an aggressive captive breeding program aimed at increasing its breeding population and preventing future extinction.

What characteristics of the California Condor and other endangered species make them so susceptible to possible extinction?

I. specialized niche

II. low reproductive rate ( K- strategist)

III. narrow distribution

IV. feeds at high trophic levels

I, II, III, IV

I only

I, and II only

I, II and IV only

II, III, IV only

4 points

QUESTION 2

Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning invasive species?

They are introduced species such as corn, wheat, and rice that supply a large percentage of the food supply.

Most invasive species have no natural predators or competitors in their new environment.

Invasive species can cause ecological and economical loss.

Very few invasive species have any negative economic impact on the country affected.

Invasive species are introduced intentionally or accidentally to the new environment.

4 points

QUESTION 3

This is a graph of the extinction intensity over time. The Y axis is the % genera going extinct at any given time and the X- axis is time.

What do A and B represent here?

A= local extinction, B= mass extinction

A= mass extinction, B= background extinction

A= background extinction, B= mass extinction

A and B are mass extinctions

A and B are both ecological extinctions

4 points

QUESTION 4

If there were only 1 million organisms on earth, what would be the approximate number of organisms to go extinct over 2 years?

100

1,000

200,000

1,999

190

4 points

QUESTION 5

It is estimated that in 1800 there were at least 350,000 gray wolves in the lower 48 states. By 1973 there it was estimated that there was only a few hundred remaining in those same states. This is an example of

habitat destruction

species extinction

climate change

ecological extinction

biological extinction

4 points

QUESTION 6

Based on this graph, 59% of endangered natural capital is comprised of these two groups

reptiles and birds

plants and animals

mammals and reptiles

fish and birds

mammals and fish

4 points

QUESTION 7

The Eastern Hare Wallaby of Australia and the Puerto Rican Flower Bat are no longer found on Earth. This is called:

an invasive species

local extinction

mass extinction

ecological extinction

biological extinction

4 points

QUESTION 8

Using this extinction model above, what trend is found in all regions?

The appearance of Homo sapiens caused in increase in the percent survival of large mammal species.

There was a decline in survival rate of mammals in each area after Homo sapiens entered the continent.

All continents with the exception of Africa, saw a decline in the number of large mammals.

There was no impact of the survival of large mammals as Homo sapiens entered a continent.

Madagascar and Africa saw the largest decline in large mammal species as a result of humans populating the continents.

4 points

QUESTION 9

What is the number one human-made cause of premature extinction of species?

climate change

overharvesting

pollution

habitat destruction

population growth

4 points

QUESTION 10

Estimating the rate of extinction is difficult because

I. Rate of biodiversity loss will likely increase as human population rises

II. Only 1.8 million species have been identified; those not yet identified may go extinct before they are recorded

III. very little is known about all the ecological roles that organisms play in nature

I only

II only

III only

I, and III

I, II, and III

4 points

QUESTION 11

As more and more rainforests are being cleared and used for grazing and agriculture, many plants, some even that have not been discovered are being eliminated. This may lead to premature extinction of many species and genetic information for these plants will be lost forever. This value that we place on these plants and their genetic information is a form of:

instrumental value

existence value

HIPPCO

reproductive capacity

extinction

4 points

QUESTION 12

What impact would the loss of genetic information from a premature extinction have on food?

The loss of genetic information may mean not understanding what allows cash crops like corn, wheat, and barley to adapt to a changing environment.

Genetic information from plants and animals helps engineers find ways to make crops more resistant to pests.

Premature extinction may mean not finding a way to genetically modify plants to be more drought resistant .

Loss of genetic information of species not yet discovered would be loss if premature extinction occurs. This may mean never finding a cure for a disease or sickness.

All of these are impacts of the loss of genetic information due to premature extinction.

4 points

QUESTION 13

The Endangered Species Act has been very controversial since its inception in 1973.

What aspect(s) of the endangered species act make it a source for controversy?

NOAA and National Marine Fisheries list species as endangered or threatened.

90% of all species on this list spend some amount of time on private property, which is difficult to manage.

There are no species that are currently endangered or threatened to add to the list.

CITES already encompasses protection of these species.

those that have developed unique ecological features due to their old age

4 points

QUESTION 14

The Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), breeds in the Northern Cascade Mountains in Washington State. A study was done over a several year period where the number of successful Pine Grosbeak nests, meaning produced offspring, was compared with its distance from the nearest logging road. Below represents the data from that study.

What can be hypothesized, based on the information provided, about the relationship between the number of successful pine grosbeak nests and the distance from a logging road?

The success of a pine grosbeaks nest is not directly impacted by the distance from a logging road.

The success of a pine grosbeaks nest seems related to the distance it is from a logging road.

The failure or success of a pine grosbeaks nest is not dependent on the distance from a logging road.

Pine grosbeaks are adapted to urban and suburban habitats in the Cascade mountains and therefore are not impacted by the distance from a logging road.

If this study was conducted again, nests at a distance of 350 meters or more would see a slight decline in the number of successful nests.

4 points

QUESTION 15

Unfenced grasslands in tropical and temperate climates that supply forage for grazing animals are called

pastures

rangelands

savannah

steppes

veldt

4 points

QUESTION 16

The Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), breeds in the Northern Cascade Mountains in Washington State. A study was done over a several year period where the number of successful Pine Grosbeak nests, meaning produced offspring, was compared with its distance from the nearest logging road. Below represents the data from that study.

What is the relationship between the number of successful nests and the distance from a logging road?

The greater the distance from a logging road, the less number of successful nests.

The closer to a logging road, the greater number of successful nests.

The greater the distance from a logging road, the greater number of successful nests.

There is no relationship between the distance from a logging road and the number of successful nests.

If this study was conducted again, nests at a distance of 350 meters or more would see a slight decline in the number of successful nests.

4 points

QUESTION 17

Managed grasslands that are enclosed and usually planted with domesticated vegetation are known as:

rangeland

pastures

corridors

parks

wildlife zones

4 points

QUESTION 18

Characteristics of old-growth forests include all but the following:

evidence of a major disturbance, such as fire, logging, or insect infestation

tip up piles

bogs

trees over 100 years in age with unique characteristics

the number of offspring the pine grosbeaks produced

4 points

QUESTION 19

Tropical deforestation results from all of the following except

subsistence farmers trying to grow food to survive

establishment of vast plantations for soybeans and oil palm

government taxes on timber harvesting

need for space to graze cattle

poverty

4 points

QUESTION 20

Which of the following are important ecological services provided by forests? Choose all that apply.

I. Reduction of soil erosion

II. Release of atmospheric carbon

III. Purify water and air

IV. Influence local and regional climate

V. Provide numerous wildlife habitats

I, II, III

I, III, V

II, IV, V

I, III, IV, V

I, II, III, IV, V

4 points

QUESTION 21

What are some effective management techniques for grasslands?

I. Controlled burns

II. Fencing off fragile stream and river beds to avoid erosion from grazing animals

III. Grazing rotation so to limit overeating of vegetation

I only

II only

III only

I, II only

I, II, III

4 points

QUESTION 22

Though all fires were once thought of as harmful to forest ecosystems, we now know that fires

I. help cycle nutrients in the ecosystem.

II. help some plants release their seeds

III. help control invasive species

I

II

III

I, II

I, II, III

4 points

QUESTION 23

Commercial fishing has taken a toll on many marine species.

What are the methods illustrated here in the correct order?

A= Trawler fishing

B=Drift net fishing

C=Purse-seine fishing

D=Drift-net fishing

E=Long-line fishing

A= Trawler fishing

B=Long-line fishing

C=Fish farming

D=Purse-seine fishing

E=Drift-net fishing

A= Purse-seine fishing

B=Trawler fishing

C=Drift-net fishing

D=Long-lone fishing

E=Fish farming

A= Fish farming

B=Long-line fishing

C=Trawler Fishing

D= Purse-Seine fishing

E=Drift-net fishing

A= Drift-net fishing

B=Fish farming

C=Long-line fishing

D= Trawler Fishing

E=Purse-Seine fishing

4 points

QUESTION 24

What may have contributed to the collapse of the cod fishery shown in this graph?

I. bottom trawlers

II. habitat degradation

III. climate change

I, II, III

I only

I, III only

III only

I, II only

4 points

QUESTION 25

Which is true of fishery regulations?

Government regulates many fisheries, setting catch limits determined by scientists.

Sometimes estimating and monitoring fish populations is difficult, so we need to learn more about fish biology and ocean conditions to enable scientists to get better data.

Catch limits don’t always use the optimum sustainable yield as their quota.

Fishery regulations can limit fishing seasons and determine what fishing gear is acceptable for use.

All of these are true with respect to fishery regulation.

4 points

QUESTION 26

Sea turtle tourism is big business. In one study by the world wildlife fund, it is estimated that tourism money brought in over double the dollars as did the money from harvesting the turtles for meat, shells, etc. This study and others like it can be used for

economic incentive to sustain aquatic biodiversity

economic incentive to decrease aquatic biodiversity

ecological incentive to sustain aquatic biodiversity

ecological incentive to decrease aquatic biodiversity

ecological incentive to increase aquatic biodiversity

4 points

QUESTION 27

It has been shown that when a network of marine preserves are established that fish populations significantly increase in size, species diversity rises, and nearby fisheries also benefit from the larvae which is carried by currents outside of the reserve. As this marine preserve is maintained now in and in the future, this demonstrates the:

ecosystem approach to maintaining marine sustainability

habitat restoration of specific species such as the sea turtle

global effort to increase terrestrial and marine organisms

economic benefit of tourism based on key species

environmental impacts of overfishing and resource consumption

4 points

QUESTION 28

How does restoring wetlands promote sustainability?

habitat is provided for many endangered bird and fish species

diversity of the flora and fauna in the area increases

education and scientific endeavors on wetland habitat is encouraged

community and population ecosystem health is improved

all of these are ways that sustainability is achieved by restoring degraded wetlands

4 points

QUESTION 29

The red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) is invasive species which has inhabited many south eastern streams and has caused a decrease in stream biodiversity, degraded the natural habitat and has recently hybridized with many of the native species of fish in the area. It is believed that the red shiner was introduced to these southeastern streams through bait buckets from recreational fisherman. Many studies have been done in order to understand how this fish has been introduced, how it has colonized the area and also how it managed to reduce the genetic and biological diversity of these streams. Below represents the collection of data from one study done on the red shiner.

What is the overall trend presented in this graph?

all of the species recorded in this experiment decreased in number from 1990-2008.

The red shiner decreased in number of time as other species increased.

The red shiner population increased while most species either decreased in number or stayed relatively stable.

There was a significant decrease in all fish species including the invasive species in this study.

From the data presented an overall trend cannot be determined in this experiment.

4 points

QUESTION 30

The red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) is invasive species which has inhabited many south eastern streams and has caused a decrease in stream biodiversity, degraded the natural habitat and has recently hybridized with many of the native species of fish in the area. It is believed that the red shiner was introduced to these southeastern streams through bait buckets from recreational fisherman. Many studies have been done in order to understand how this fish has been introduced, how it has colonized the area and also how it managed to reduce the genetic and biological diversity of these streams. Below represents the collection of data from one study done on the red shiner.

What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

the years in which the data was collected

the population numbers of fish species collected

the introduction of the red shiner

the South River

the decrease of biodiversity on the south river