11 Jun Assignment – Maintaining the Excretory System
Question
Lesson 9 Assignment: Maintaining the Excretory System
(8 marks)
TR 1. Maintaining Homeostasis
Choose two of the following situations. Perform some research and describe how humans maintain homeostasis with respect to water and ions.
an increase of water consumption
a decrease of water consumption
when coffee is consumed
when excessive sodium is ingested after periods of intense exercise
You will be marked according to the following rubric.
Score
Score Criteria
The student ….
4
clearly describes the action of water and ions with respect to hormones
clearly describes how the actions of the kidney maintain homeostasis
3
describes the action of water and ions with respect to hormones
describes how the actions of the kidney maintain homeostasis
2
describes the action of water and ions but may not make the connection with respect to hormones
describes how the actions of the kidney maintain homeostasis that is sometimes confusing to follow
1
provides a superficial explanation of water and ion regulation of kidney
INS
submits a response that cannot be marked according to the criteria
(24 marks)
Lab: Urinalysis
(6 marks)
Urinalysis is the physical, chemical, and sometimes microscopic examination of urine. Many diseases with no obvious symptoms can be revealed during urinalysis. Historically, appearance, odour, and even taste have been used to make inferences about a person’s health. In this investigation you will interpret urinalysis results from four different tests. You will record your results from the urine analysis outlined in Lesson 9.
Test
Control Tests
Crime Scene
Suspect 1
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
Suspect 4
Colour/Odour/Clarity
Protein
pH
Glucose
Analysis
(3 marks)
1.
Who is the thief? Explain how you arrived at your conclusion.
Answer:
(4 marks)
2.
Based on your urinalysis, identify the disease that Suspect 4 might have. Explain.
Answer:
(3 marks)
3.
List at least three other characteristics of urine that you would expect to observe (or not) in a healthy urine sample.
Answer:
(4 marks)
4.
In what ways were the data that you collected in this urinalysis limited? What additional data would provide a more comprehensive picture of a urine sample?
Answer:
(4 marks)
5.
Explain why you would not expect to find evidence of glucose or protein in a urine sample from someone whose kidneys are healthy. (Use details of nephron anatomy in your answer.)
Answer:
(8 marks)
TR 2. Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
Use the table below, which shows the composition of the dialysate compared to normal plasma and uremic plasma, to answer the questions that follow.
Composition of Plasma and Dialysing Fluid (various units)
Component
Normal Plasma
Uremic Plasma
Dialysate
Potassium (K+)
5
8
5
Bicarbonate (HCO3?)
27
14
27
Glucose
100
100
125
Urea
26
200
0
The kidney machine is used when a person’s kidneys shut down. The patient’s blood is passed through very fine tubes made of semi-permeable dialysis membrane. The outside of the tubes is bathed with dialysis fluid.
Some of the materials in the dialysis fluid are compared to normal blood plasma and uremic plasma (urine) in the previous table. Uremic plasma has abnormally high levels of urea and other substances in abnormal concentrations due to kidney failure. Explain the reason for each solute concentration of the dialysate.
Answer:
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