Hormones are normally secreted via ducts

11 Jun Hormones are normally secreted via ducts

Question
True / False Questions

1. Hormones are normally secreted via ducts into the bloodstream.

2. Hormones serve as intracellular messengers.

3. Testosterone is a gonadotropin.

4. Many effects of growth hormone are mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) secreted by the pancreas.

5. Both the thymus and the pineal gland shrink after childhood.

6. Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect.

7. Epinephrine is said to have a glucose-sparing effect.

8. Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones.

9. Regardless of the cause of stress, the body reacts in a fairly consistent way to different stressors.

Multiple Choice Questions

10. Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?

A. They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but have extracellular effects.

B. They secrete their products by way of ducts.

C. They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries.

D. They release their secretions into the blood.

E. Their secretions may be released onto the body surface.

11. The nervous system reacts to stimuli __________ compared to the endocrine system, adapts __________ compared to the endocrine system, and has __________ effects compared to the endocrine system.

A. slowly; slowly; widespread

B. quickly; slowly; specific

C. quickly; quickly; widespread

D. quickly; quickly; specific

E. slowly; quickly; specific

12. The _________ secretes growth hormone, which is also known as somatotropin.

A. posterior pituitary

B. anterior pituitary

C. hypothalamus

D. thyroid

E. thymus

13. The __________ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function.

A. kidney

B. pancreas

C. thyroid gland

D. parathyroid gland

E. adrenal gland

14. Which of the following is the correct abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?

A. CRH

B. GHRH

C. GHIH

D. APRH

E. TRH

15. What makes a cell responsive to a particular hormone?

A. The chemical properties of the hormone

B. The presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

C. The location of the gland that secretes the hormone

D. The location of the target cells in the body

E. The site where the hormone is secreted

16. The posterior pituitary secretes _________.

A. prolactin (PRL)

B. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

C. oxytocin (OT)

D. thyroid hormone (TH)

E. growth hormone (GH)

17. The anterior pitiurary is __________ than the posterior pituitary and has __________ connection to the hypothalamus.

A. smaller; no nervous

B. larger; a nervous

C. larger; no nervous

D. smaller; a nervous

18. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone targets the __________.

A. thyroid gland

B. thyroid hormone

C. hypothalamus

D. posterior pituitary

E. anterior pituitary

19. The hypophyseal portal system connects the _________ with the _________.

A. anterior pituitary; hypothalamus

B. posterior pituitary; hypothalamus

C. anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary

D. hypothalamus; thyroid

E. pituitary glands; thyroid

20. Which of the following is not a hypothalamic hormone?

A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

B. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

C. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

D. Somatostatin

E. Prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH)

21. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the __________.

A. kidneys

B. adrenal gland

C. anterior pituitary

D. hypothalamus

E. pancreas

22 Of the following hormones, which has more target cells in the body than the others?

A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

B. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)

C. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

D. Growth hormone (GH)

E. Oxytocin (OT)

23. Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via _________.

A. negative feedback inhibition

B. positive feedback inhibition

C. up-regulation

D. down-regulation

E. antagonistic regulation

24. The infundibulum is a ___________.

A. mass of endocrine and neural cells

B. portal system between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

C. bulky nucleus composed of the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus

D. depression of the sphenoid bone that protects the pituitary gland

E. projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs

25. Negative feedback inhibition occurs when __________.

A. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the anterior pituitary

B. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) causes the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

C. thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) targets the thyroid gland

D. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the thyroid gland

E. thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary

26. Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion?

A. GHRH

B. GHIH

C. ACTH

D. CRH

E. TSH

27. Which of the following hormones is not a tropin?

A. TSH

B. GRH

C. ACTH

D. PRL

E. TRH

28. The __________ secretes a hormone that increases the body’s metabolic rate, promotes alertness, quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system.

A. thyroid gland

B. pancreas

C. adrenal gland

D. parathyroid gland

E. thymus

29. The __________ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.

A. thymus

B. thyroid gland

C. parathyroid glands

D. pineal gland

E. pituitary gland

30. The __________ secrete(s) __________, which promotes Na+ and water retention.

A. adrenal medulla; epinephrine

B. pancreas; cortisol

C. kidneys; corticosterone

D. adrenal cortex; aldosterone

E. thyroid; calcitonin

31. The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes ___________.

A. glucagon

B. epinephrine

C. estradiol

D. aldosterone

E. cortisol

32. Many hours after a meal, alpha (?) cells in the pancreatic islets secrete _________, which _________ blood glucose.

A. glucagon; lowers

B. glucagon; raises

C. insulin; lowers

D. insulin; raises

E. glucocorticoids; raises

33. Which of the following is not secreted by the pancreas?

A. Glucagon

B. Pancreatic polypeptide

C. Gastrin

D. Somatostatin (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone)

E. Somatotropin (growth hormone)

34. Which of the following organs has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

A. The adrenal gland

B. The salivary glands

C. The ovary

D. The pineal gland

E. The thymus

35. Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?

A. Insulin

B. Cortisol

C. Progesterone

D. Aldosterone

E. Estradiol

36. The absence of iodine in the diet leads to __________.

A. hypoparathyroidism

B. hypothyroidism

C. hypocalcemia

D. hypoglycemia

E. hypoxemia

37. Which of the following enters a target cell’s nucleus and acts directly on the genes.

A. Insulin

B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

C. Estrogen

D. Glucagon

E. Oxytocin (OT)

38. Circulating hormones are mostly taken up and degraded by the _________ and the __________.

A. adrenal glands; intestines

B. liver; kidneys

C. blood; kidneys

D. liver; spleen

E. spleen; kidneys

39. Any situation that upsets homeostasis and threatens one’s physical or emotional well-being is called __________.

A. stress

B. pathology

C. disease

D. hyperthyroidism

E. hirsuitism

40. Which of the following is true regarding cortisol?

A. It inhibits fat digestion.

B. It stimulates protein synthesis.

C. It promotes glycogen synthesis.

D. It stimulates glucose intake by most organs.

E. It promotes breakdown of fat and protein.

41. The initial response to stress is called the _________ and is mediated mainly by __________.

A. resistance stage; cortisol

B. resistance stage; aldosterone and cortisol

C. alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine

D. alarm reaction; cortisol

E. exhaustion stage; norepinephrine and epinephrine

42. Diabetes insipidus is caused by __________.

A. epinephrine hypersecretion

B. cortisol hypersecretion

C. aldosterone hypersecretion

D. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion

E. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hypersecretion

43. Which of the following effects on a gland can be caused by a tumor?

A. Hypersecretion only

B. Hyposecretion only

C. Hyposecretion and hypersecretion

44. Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause __________ when it begins in adulthood.

A. myxedema

B. Graves disease

C. Cushing syndrome

D. goiter

E. acromegaly