11 Jun Which of the following terms best describes
Question
Q1. Which of the following terms best describes the place in an evolutionary tree that
represents a currently living population?
Node Branch Root Tip Q2. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to determine how closely related two
groups are using an evolutionary tree?
Counting the number of nodes between the groups of interest.
groups between the groups of interest.
groups. Counting the number of other Looking at the first (earliest) common ancestor of the two Looking at the last (most recent) common ancestor of the two groups. Use the information below to answer question 3.
Observe the three species of fruit fly and their evolutionary relationships in the tree below: Note that the three fly species have the following characteristics:
Fly species 1: white eyes, lots of leg bristles, striped wings
Fly species 2: red eyes, lots of leg bristles, striped wings
Distant relative: white eyes, lots of leg bristles, plain wings
Q3. What are the most likely characteristics of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of fly
species 1 and fly species 2, labeled in the diagram above?
Lots of leg bristles; can’t tell on the other two traits
on eye color Lots of leg bristles, striped wings; can’t tell Lots of leg bristles, striped wings, red eyes Lots of leg bristles, striped wings, white eyes
In the diagram below, the four living lizard species on the right are descended from the extinct
common ancestor on the left. Traits that evolved include: horns, spots, back crest, tail crest, and
dewlap (flap under the chin). Use this information to answer question 4. Q4. Which of the following phylogenies represents the most likely evolutionary relationships
among the four living species? Q5. Humans carry a variety of non-functional genetic sequences, called processed
pseudogenes, in their DNA. We can estimate how long ago these sequences first appeared in
the genomes of our ancestors. In humans, processed pseudogenes include the three options
below. Which of these would be least widespread among other primate species?
alpha-enolase psi1 (11 million years old) AS psi7 (16 million years old) CALM II psi3 (36 million years old)
Q6. Which of the phylogenetic (or evolutionary) trees below show the same evolutionary
relationships among species? Trees A and B Trees A and C Trees A and D Each of these phylogenetic trees represents a unique set of relationships among the species.
The evolutionary tree below indicates the relationships among different primate species. On this tree,
the labeled horizontal lines indicate the origin of some primate traits. Use the diagram to answer
questions 7-10. Q7. Rhesus monkeys and gorillas have stereoscopic vision, which allows them to better
visually gauge distances while hunting and moving through tree canopies. If stereoscopic
vision evolved only once on this tree, and was never subsequently lost, which other primate
species on the evolutionary tree possess stereoscopic vision as well? (Hint: First, find the
location on the tree of the most recent common ancestor of rhesus monkeys and gorillas.)
Human Gibbon and orangutan Gibbon, orangutan, and human Gibbon, orangutan, common chimpanzee, bonobo, and human
Q8. Which of the following traits (as labeled on the diagram) are shared by both orangutans
and gibbons?
Trait R Trait S Trait P Trait Q Q9. Rhesus monkeys are the last common ancestor of gibbons, gorillas, and humans.
True False Q10. Gibbons are more closely related to humans than to rhesus monkeys.
True False
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