Review the characteristics of chemical agents

11 Jun Review the characteristics of chemical agents

Question
3

Review the characteristics of chemical agents of microbial control by completing each sentence.

alcohol

broad-spectrum

chemicals

deodorizing

enzymes

low

organic matter

preservatives

restricted

stains

Antimicrobial ____________ occur in liquid, gaseous or even solid forms.

They range from disinfectants and antiseptics to sterilants and ____________ , which are chemicals which can be used to inhibit the deterioration of food products.

The use of chemical agents as germicides is very important in health-related fields today, due to their ability to have rapid action in ____________ concentrations and their ability to remain functional when solubolized in water or ____________ .

In addition, many of these agents have ____________ microbicidal action without exhibiting toxicity as well as the ability to sustain a persistent action on inanimate surfaces.

Other agents are resistant to the inactivating action of ____________ , while others exhibit noncorrosive, sanitizing or ____________ properties and are affordable and readily available to users.

5

Select the appropriate uses of hydrogen peroxide for antimicrobial purposes.

contact lens disinfection

skin antisepsis prior to surgery

sterilization of laboratory glassware

low temperature sterilizing cabinets for colonoscopes

wound cleansing

disinfection of countertops and other environmental surfaces

7

Complete the sentences to test your knowledge of factors affecting microbial death rate.

composition

concentration

inorganic

mode of action

number

organic

pH

temperature

time

The effectiveness of a particular microbicidal agent is governed by several factors besides ____________ .

The ____________ of microbes affects the action of an agent, as does the ____________ of the population.

The ____________ as well as the ____________ level of the environment will also influence the action of microbicidal agents.

The ____________ of the agent as well as its ____________ against microbes also play a role in its ability inactivate microbes.

Finally, the presence of ____________ matter, such as saliva and blood, also inhibit the action of many microbicidal agents.

8

The two microbial forms most resistant to chemical and physical control measures are _____ or proteinaceous infectious particles, and ______ produced by Bacillus and Clostridium species.

porins, granzymes

prions, endospores

micro RNAs, envelopes

ribozymes, capsules

9

dessication

exposure

longer

lower

minimum inhibitory concentration

pH

shorter

temperature

thermal death point

thermal death time

Adequate sterilization requires that both ____________ and length of ____________ be properly controlled.

In general, higher temperatures allow ____________ exposure times, while ____________ temperatures require ____________ exposure times.

In terms of these strategies, the ____________ is defined as the shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature.

An optional measurement used to compare the susceptibility of microbes to heat is the ____________ , which is defined as the lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes.

10

A ______ agent would be used to destroy bacteria on a countertop whereas an _______ agent would be used on skin prior to making an incision.

antiseptic, sterilant

disinfectant, sterilant

disinfectant, antiseptic

antiseptic, disinfectant

11

Select which of the following is a nonionizing form of radiation that is more often used for disinfection purposes.

Gamma rays

X rays

Cathode rays

UV radiation

12

Select the methods below that illustrate the use of moist heat to control microbes.

steam autoclave

incineration

pasteurization

desiccation

tyndallization

boiling water

15

Match the term with its description to test your understanding of microbial control terminology.

1. Antisepsis

2. Disinfection

3. Sterilization

4. Decontaminatio

NO ANSWER

1

2

3

4

Destruction of all microbial life

NO ANSWER

1

2

3

4

Reduction of most microbial life on inanimate surfaces

NO ANSWER

1

2

3

4

Reduction of most microbial life on living tissue

NO ANSWER

1

2

3

4

Mechanical removal of most microbes from living or inanimate surfaces

Created with Raphaël

Physical agents

Physical agents

Heat

Heat

Radiation

Radiation

Dry

Dry

Moist

Moist

Incineration

Incineration

Steam under pressure

Steam under pressure

Ionizing

Ionizing

X ray, cathode, gamma

X ray, cathode, gamma

UV

UV

Nonionizing

Nonionizing

Gases

Gases

Filtration

Filtration

Disinfection

Disinfection

Sterilization

Sterilization

Antisepsis

Antisepsis

Decontamination

Decontamination