Texas Bio 365S – Homework 3

11 Jun Texas Bio 365S – Homework 3

Question
Bio 365S Homework 3 Respiratory Names

(total 102pts)

Multiple multiplechoice. Circle all correct answers or none if none correct.(2pts per answer, 24pts total)

1. Living at high altitude is beneficial because hypoxia . . .

a. causes a beneficial right shift of the HbO2 curve

b. induces increased production of RBCs containing hemoglobin

c. increases muscle ability to obtain and use oxygen

d. causes an increase in sympathetic output, increasing respiratory muscle contraction

2. Control of respiratory processes is similar to control of cardiovascular in that . . .

a. norepinephrine on alpha receptors causes bronchoconstriction

b. epinephrine on beta 2 receptors causes bronchodilation

c. somatic motor neurons release acetylcholine onto nicotinic receptors at the ganglionic synapse

d. alveolar radius can be regulated similar to capillary radius

3. Circle the true statements about the pulmonary pressures graph.

a. Intrapleural pressure is normally supra-atmospheric.

b. Transpulmonary pressure increases as inspiration proceeds.

c. Intra-alveolar pressure is lowest at the end of inspiration.

d. Alveolar pressure is positive in the end of exhaluation.

ARDS case study(2pts each answer, 38pts total)

As a high school student, Rechna contracted food poisoning from eating contaminated fast food and was so ill that she had to be hospitalized and given fluids intravenously. As a result of the systemic immune response and subsequent I.V. therapy, her lungs collapsed. Trace the unpleasant route from fast food poisoning to lung collapse by answering these questions. For the questions about capillary dynamics, refer to chapter 15.

(Q1-4. 2pts per answer, 18pts total)

1. a.What two pressure gradients drive bulk flow across capillary walls?

b.Bulk flow into capillaries is known as . Bulk flow out of capillaries is known as

c. Immune responses generally increase capillary “leakiness.” Which process is increased as a result?

2. (2pts per answer, 4pts total) I.V. therapy increases plasma volume. An increase in plasma volume increases . How are capillary fluid dynamics affected as a result?(think cardio)

3. Excessive filtration across capillary walls causes excess interstitial fluid. Excess fluid between alveoli and capillaries is known as .

4. a. Excess fluid in the alveoli is known as .

b. What is the effect of this fluid on surface tension? Use Law of LaPlace to explain.

5. What happens to each of these parameters as a result of excess fluid in the alveoli? (?,?, NC)
(2pts each, 8 pts total)
compliance airway resistance

dead space gas exchange

6. Suppose the pressure exerted by hydrogen bonding = 3 mm Hg. (4pts total)
a. If intrapleural and intra-alveolar pressure are the typical values, what is the transpulmonary pressure at the beginning of inspiration? Show work. Answer:

b. What does this TPP mean in terms of lung function?

7. Differentiate between ARDS and NRDS by placing the correct letter in the blank. Write “None” if neither apply. A= ARDS N = NRDS B = Both (8pts total)

Characterized by alveolar edema All lung volumes decrease

Always originates with lack of surfactant Restrictive disorder

Respiratory Pathology Chart: fill this chart (40pts total)

Disorder

1oproblem

Effect on compliance

Effect on Airway resistance

Obstructive or Restrictive?

Effect on Lung volumes

Effect on gas exchange

Effect on gas transport

Asthma

Anemia

ARDS

Bronchitis

Carbon Monoxide poisoning

Emphysema

Fibrosis

NRDS