The Brain and Cranial Nerves

11 Jun The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question
The Brain and Cranial Nerves

True / False Questions

1. Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex.

2. The cerebellum exhibits folds called gyri separated by grooves called sulci.

3. The epidural space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

4. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) helps prevent hemorrhages in the nervous tissue of the brain.

5. The cerebellum is the largest part of the brain.

6. The medulla oblongata is the most rostral part of the brain.

7. The hypothalamus is involved in such feelings as love, anger, fear, pleasure, and pain.

8. The vision association area resides primarily in the temporal lobe.

9. All cranial nerves lead to structures in the head and neck.

10. There are three cranial nerves involved in eye movement and two in the sense of taste.

Multiple Choice Questions

11. The following are all major components of the brainstem except the _________.

A. diencephalon

B. pons

C. medulla oblongata

D. midbrain

E. cerebellum

12. The right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by __________.

A. many sulci

B. many gyri

C. the brainstem

D. the longitudinal fissure

E. the corpus callosum

13. The cerebellum is __________ to the cerebrum.

A. superficial

B. deep

C. caudal

D. rostral

E. medial

14. The gray matter of the cerebrum forms a surface layer called the __________ and deeper masses called __________ surrounded by white matter.

A. nuclei; tracts

B. cortex; nuclei

C. cortex; medulla

D. medulla; midbrain

E. medulla; nerves

15. Which of the following structures appears as a large bulge just rostral to the medulla?

A. Pons

B. Midbrain

C. Cerebellum

D. Medulla oblongata

E. Hypothalamus

16. Which structure forms the floor and part of the walls of the third ventricle?

A. Thalamus

B. Hypothalamus

C. Epithalamus

D. Pituitary gland

E. Midbrain

17. From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order?

A. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid

B. Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

C. Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid

D. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

E. Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater

18. Which of the following is not a function of CSF?

A. To regulate the chemical environment of the nervous tissue

B. To rinse metabolic wastes from the nervous tissue

C. To provide oxygen and nutrients to the nervous tissue

D. To protect the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted

E. To allow the brain to attain considerable size without being impaired by its own weight

19. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following?

A. Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells

B. Sodium, potassium, and chloride

C. Urea and creatinine

D. Glucose and oxygen

E. Antibiotics

20. Which structures create the blood brain barrier (BBB)?

A. Gap junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

C. Gap and tight junctions between astrocytes and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

D. Desmosomes and tight junctions between astrocytes and ependymal cells that form the capillary walls

E. Gap junctions between ependymal cells and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls

21. A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has what condition?

A. Parkinson disease

B. Alzheimer disease

C. Meningitis

D. Hydrocephalus

E. A stroke

22. Where are the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers found?

A. Medulla oblongata

B. Pons

C. Midbrain

D. Spinal cord

E. Diencephalon

23. The reticular formation is a web of __________ scattered throughout the __________.

A. nerves; white matter in the cerebrum

B. white matter; cerebellum

C. gray matter; brainstem

D. gray matter; cerebrum

E. neurosomas; hypothalamus

24. Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in which structure?

A. Limbic system

B. Pons

C. Pituitary gland

D. Medulla oblongata

E. Cerebellum

25. In which structure is the arbor vitae found?

A. Left cerebral hemisphere

B. Tegmentum in the midbrain

C. Cerebellum

D. Reticular formation

E. Diencephalon

26. There are no cranial nerves associated with which part of the brain?

A. Thalamus

B. Medulla oblongata

C. Midbrain

D. Cerebellum

E. Pons

27. Nearly all the somatosensory input to the cerebrum passes by way of synapses in which region of the brain?

A. Thalamus

B. Hypothalamus

C. Epithalamus

D. Cerebellum

E. Reticular formation

28. Sex drive, body temperature, and food and water intake are regulated by which part of the brain?

A. Limbic system

B. Thalamus

C. Pineal gland

D. Hypothalamus

E. Pituitary gland

29. Planning, motivation, and social judgment are functions of the brain associated with which part of the cerebrum?

A. Frontal lobe

B. Parietal lobe

C. Occipital lobe

D. Insula

E. Temporal lobe

30. Which of the following is correct regarding the occipital lobe?

A. It is chiefly concerned with mood, memory, and emotions.

B. It is the principal visual center of the brain.

C. It is the primary site for receiving and interpreting signals from the general senses.

D. It is concerned with voluntary motor functions.

E. It is likely to play a role in understanding spoken language.

31. A predominance of which waves in an electroencephalogram (EEG) might indicate that a person is physically and mentally relaxed?

A. Alpha

B. Beta

C. Theta

D. Delta

E. Gamma

32. Short-term memory is associated with the __________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the __________.

A. cerebral cortex; hippocampus

B. hippocampus; cerebral cortex

C. cerebral cortex; amygdala

D. amygdala; hippocampus

E. hippocampus; midbrain

33. Which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve?

A. Trochlear nerve (IV)

B. Abducens nerve (VI)

C. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

D. Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

E. Accessory nerve (XI)

34. What is the largest of the cranial nerves and the most important sensory nerve of the face?

A. Accessory nerve (XI)

B. Facial nerve (VII)

C. Trigeminal nerve (V)

D. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

E. Abducens nerve (VI)

35. Which cranial nerve innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A. Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

B. Accessory nerve (XI)

C. Trochlear nerve (IV)

D. Abducens nerve (VI)

E. Vagus nerve (X)

36. Which cranial nerve pathway would be used to look cross-eyed at the tip of your nose?

A. Trochlear nerve (IV)

B. Oculomotor nerve (III)

C. Abducens nerve (VI)

D. Facial nerve (VII)

E. Vagus nerve (X)

37. Which of the following structures does not contain CSF?

A. Dural sinus

B. Lateral ventricle

C. Central canal

D. Subarachnoid space

38. Injury to the reticular formation can result in which of the following?

A. Irreversible coma

B. Hypertension

C. Parkinson disease

D. Alzheimer disease

39. Why is 90% of the cerebral cortex referred to as the neocortex?

A. It developed recently evolutionarily when mammals diversified.

B. It is only found in humans.

C. It is last to develop in the fetus and is thus the youngest part of the brain.

D. It has the ability to regenerate the outermost three of its six layers.

40. Which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?

A. Abducens – V

B. Oculomotor – III

C. Facial – VII

D. Accessory – XI

41. Your dentist gives you an injection of anesthetic in preparation for a filling. Which cranial nerve did they target?

A. V

B. VII

C. IX

D. XII