12 Jun Quinsigamond BIO 112 – A & P II Heart Thimmiah
Question
A&P II
Heart Thimmiah
You should be able to identify the following structures and know their functions.
Structures to be identified before making a frontal section of the heart
.1. Locate the Surfaces, Apex and Base of the heart
a. .How many surfaces? (clue – Auricles)
b. Locate the chambers on each surface
2. Pericardium
a. How many layers? What is the function?
b. Name the layers
c. Which layer is closest to the heart and which one is the farthest?
d. Which layer is present in the heart that you are dissecting?
e. Is there a space between the layers? What does it contain and what is the normal quantity?
f. What is pericarditis and pericardial effusion?
3. Myocardium
a. .Right ventricle – measure the thickness of the myocardium
b. .Left ventricle – measure the thickness of the myocardium
c. Right atrium
d. .Left atrium
4. Anterior Interventricular sulcus, Posterior interventricular sulcus and Atrioventricular groove. What is the significance of these sulci and the groove?
5. Branches of the coronary Artery – (locate just approximate location) and their area of supply
a. Right Coronary artery
b. Left coronary artery
c. Anterior interventricular (descending) artery
Why does a thrombus in this branch cause sudden death?
d. Posterior Interventricular (descending)artery
e. Circumflex artery
f. Marginal artery
g. What is Angina pectoris and Myocardial infarction?
6. Structures to be identified after the frontal section of the heart
All the four chambers
Aortic semi lunar valves – What is the function?
Pulmonary semi lunar valves – What is the function?
Mitral valve / Bicuspid valve If this valve does not close properly which circulation does it affect
Tricuspid valve
Describe structural differences between the right and left AV valves
Can the heart function with leaky valves?
Chordae tendineae – what it is its role?
Pectinate muscles – what is its role?
Papillary muscle – what is its role?
. Trabeculae carnea – what is its role?
7. Complete the scheme of circulation of a red blood cell which is in the right atrium and wants to travel to the Arch of the Aorta.
Right Atrium -à
8. . Explain structural and functional differences between the cardiac muscle and the skeletal muscle.
9. What is PMI?
10. What is the direction of the Apex and Base in the thorax?
11. .Describe the relationship of the Heart to the Lungs, Sternum and Vertebrae.
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