12 Jun A paper towel is to its cardboard roll as the myelin
Question
All questions are multiple choice with the answers below.
A paper towel is to its cardboard roll as the myelin sheath is to the_______________ .
soma
dendrite
Schwann cell
Axon
Congenital hypothyroidism is characterized by axons that fail to become wrapped with myelin during development. The resulting effect on neurotransmission in the developing fetus would be
decreased neuronal conduction speed
inability of the fetus to produce iodine
increased neuronal conduction speed
hyper-secretion of thyroid hormone
When the membrane of an axon is at resting potential, which of the following is true?
The exterior of the cell has a net negative charge and the interior has a net positive charge.
The exterior of the cell has a net negative charge and the interior is neutral.
The exterior of the cell has a net positive charge and the interior has a net negative charge
The exterior of the cell has a net positive charge and the interior is neutral.
For the sake of this question, assume that Sarin is a toxic nerve gas that acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. What does this cause at the neuromuscular junction?
An increase in acetylcholine which will continue to stimulate the muscle to contract
A decrease in acetylcholine which will halt the muscle contraction
an increase in acetylcholinesterase, which will increase muscle contraction
An influx of calcium which decreases muscle contraction
Place the events at a chemical synapse in the order in which they occur:
1. Action potential arrives at pre-synaptic neuron’s end bulbs; Ca2+ channels to open
2. Increase of Ca2+ in bulbs causes vesicles to fuse with presynaptic neuron’s membrane
3. Postsynaptic potential develops
4. Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (ligand-gated channels) on postsynaptic membrane
5. Neurotransmitter exocytosed; diffuses across synaptic cleft
1,2,4,5,3
1,4,2,5,3
1,2,5,4,3
1,2,4,3,5
A patient at the eye doctor explains that he is able to see fairly well in low light, but is having trouble distinguishing between the colors red, green and blue. The doctor’s first inclination about the source of his patients problem would most likely be
A problem with the functioning of the patient’s rods
a defect in visual mechanoreceptors
the beginnings of macular degeneration
a disorder affecting the function of the patient’s cones
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is an inherited disease of the nervous system that afflicts a very small number of people worldwide and is caused by a defect in a particular signaling molecule in the nervous system. People with CIPA are unable to sense extreme fluctuations in temperature, thus many succumb to heat stroke or hypothermia. They also cannot sense pain, but they can sense pressure applied to the skin. Which of the following sensory structures or receptors could be dysfunctional in people with CIPA?
nociceptors
thermoreceptors
pacinian corpuscles
nociceptors and thermoreceptors
A man standing in a park is talking to a friend 3 feet away and then turns to look at a dog 50 yards away. How does the eye adapt to allow him to clearly see these two different images?
The ciliary muscles contract and the lens becomes more round
The lens is moved backward
The lens is moved forward.
The ciliary muscles relax and the lens becomes more flat.
Where does perception of sensory stimuli occur?
in all receptors
in highly specialized receptors like hair cells
at synapses in the peripheral nervous system
in the central nervous system
The correct sequence for a sound (a vibration) traveling into the mammalian ear would be listed as
pinna, tympanum, ossicles of middle ear, oval window, basilar membrane, hair cell
tympanum, pinna, ossicles of middle ear, hair cell, oval window, basilar membrane
pinna, ossicles of middle ear, tympanum, basilar membrane, oval window, hair cell
hair cell, pinna, basilar membrane, ossicles of middle ear, tympanum, oval window
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