12 Jun BIO 1 What process is defined as the spontaneous net
Question
1. What process is defined as the spontaneous net movement of solute molecules from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
a) osmosis
b) co-transport
c) dynamic equilibrium
d) active transport
e) diffusion
2. A beaker is divided by a membrane that is permeable to water and impermeable to
sodium ions. The sodium-water solution on side A is more concentrated than the sodiumwater solution on side B. Which of the following statements will be true when equilibrium is
reached across the membrane?
a) The absolute number of water molecules will be different on the two sides of the
membrane, whereas the final solute concentration will be equal.
b) Equal numbers of water molecules will exist on each side of the membrane at
equilibrium.
c) Since the solute can’t cross the membrane, the solution will not reach equilibrium.
d) The solute will maintain the original concentration on both sides of the
membrane.
e) All answers are correct.
3. Complete the following sentence: The sodium-potassium pump transports…
a) Na+ and K+
b) NaCl and KCl
c) NaCl and KCl and H2O
d) NaCl and KCl and H+
e) NaCl and KCl and Cl4. Which of the following is a common feature shared by pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
a) They are used to eradicate pathogens.
b) They use receptor proteins.
c) They carry out endocytosis.
d) They are mechanisms for maintaining optimal cellular pH.
e) They are mechanisms for maintaining optimal cellular temperature. \\
5. Complete the following sentence: Rapidly growing cells would be performing…
a) more endocytosis than exocytosis.
b) more exocytosis than endocytosis.
c) the same amounts of endocytosis and exocytosis.
d) neither endocytosis or exocytosis.
e) mainly phagocytosis.
6. Which definition best defines metabolism?
a) The chemical reactions that break down glucose for energy.
b) The use of ATP as an energy carrier.
c) The energy level that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to move forward.
d) The burning of fat molecules for energy.
e) The sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism. \\\
7. What does ?G of a metabolic reaction measure?
a) The net change in free energy during a reaction.
b) The amount of heat energy gained or lost in a reaction.
c) The amount of matter transferred in a reaction.
d) The change in activation energy required in a reaction due to enzyme activity.
e) The activation energy of a reaction.
8. Which of the following is an anabolic process?
a) protein synthesis
b) glycolysis
c) ATP hydrolysis
d) protein degradation
e) active transport
9. Why does ATP hydrolysis release a lot of free energy?
a) ATP is unstable compared to its products.
b) ATP has a nitrogenous base.
c) ATP has special high-energy phosphate bonds.
d) ATP has a ribose sugar.
e) The products of ATP are less stable than ATP itself.
10. ATP is not the only molecule that can drive reactions. When ATP is depleted during
exercise, muscle cells use phosphocreatine to drive the regeneration of ATP.
Consider the following half reactions:
1. ATP + H2O ? ADP + Pi (?G = –7.3 kcal/mol)
2. Phosphocreatine + H2O ? creatine + Pi (?G = –10.3 kcal/mol)
From these two reactions, calculate the Gibbs free energy of the following coupled
reaction, catalyzed by creatine kinase:
Phosphocreatine + ADP ? ATP + creatine
Which is the correct net Gibbs free energy of the reaction?
a) ?G = –3 kcal/mol
b) ?G = –17.6 kcal/mol
c) ?G = 0 kcal/mol
d) ?G = +3 kcal/mol
e) ?G = +17.6 kcal/mol
11. The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport pump that uses energy to pump
potassium into cells and sodium out of cells. Why is ATP energy required?
a) to change the shape of the ions
b) to transfer glucose in the same direction as Na + ions
c) to pump the Na+ and K+ ions along their concentration gradient
d) to pump the Na+ and K+ ions against their concentration gradient
e) for the membrane to change shape
12. Complete the following sentence: The hydrolysis of one mole of ATP can be used to
drive reactions that have a ?G that is…
a) less than 7.3 kcal/mol.
b) more than 7.3 kcal/mol.
(c) less than 7.3 kcal/mol.
d) exactly 7.3 kcal/mol.
e) exactly –7.3 kcal/mol.
13. What is the ultimate electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?
a) FAD
b) ADP
c) NAD+
d) hydrogen
e) oxygen
14. Which kind of reaction converts NAD+ to NADH?
a) respiration
b) phosphorylation
c) reduction
d) oxidation
e) fermentation \
15. Which atom below is the most electronegative?
a) hydrogen
b) carbon
c) nitrogen
d) oxygen
e) sulfur
16. Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria?
I. Glycolysis
II. Citric acid cycle
III. Oxidative phosphorylation
a) I only
b) II only
c) I and II
d) II and III
e) I, II, and III
17. Which of the following processes occurs in the cytosol?
a) glycolysis
b) pyruvate oxidation
c) oxidative phosphorylation
d) citric acid cycle
e) All answers are correct.
18. Which of the following molecules can be used by organisms to obtain energy?
a) glycerol
b) glucose
c) amino acids
d) fatty acids
e) All answers are correct.
19. Which of the following constitute cellular respiration?
I. Biosynthesis of glycogen in the liver.
II. Conversion of an electron-motive force into a proton motive force.
III. Formation of compounds with high electron transfer potential.
IV. Conversion of a proton-motive force into a phosphoryl-transfer force.
V. Generation of ATP using GTP.
a) I, II, and III only
b) II, III, and IV only
c) III, IV, and V only
d) II, III, IV, and V only
e) I, II, III, IV, and V
20. During glycolysis, how many molecules of NADH are from one glucose?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 4
d) 8
e) cannot be determined
21. Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucose during the citric acid
cycle?
a) acid-base reactions
b) redox reactions
c) random reactions
d) All answers above are correct.
e) None of the answers are correct.
22. Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?
a) glucose
b) pyruvate
c) ATP
d) acetyl-CoA
e) None of the answers are correct.
23. Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron transport
chain?
a) NADH and FADH2
b) ATP and ADP
c) GTP and GDP
d) oxaloacetate and citric acid
e) None of the answers are correct.
24. Which of the following enzymes is not used during the citric acid cycle?
a) aconitase
b) isocitrate dehydrogenase
c) fumarase
d) citrate synthase
e) ATP synthase
25. Which of the following description of ATP synthase is not correct?
I. It is a membrane integral protein.
II. It is found in the mitochondria.
III. It is an active H+ transporter.
IV. It converts ADP to ATP.
V. It utilizes NADH and FADH2 as a substrate.
a) I only
b) III only
c) I and III only
d) III and V only
e) I, III, and V only
Which of the following description(s) regarding cellular respiration is/are correct?
I. ATP hydrolysis is used to drive reactions that require an input of free energy.
II. The oxidation of food molecules forms ATP from ADP + P i.
III. A transmembrane proton-motive force drives ATP synthesis.
a) I only
b) I and II only
c) I and III only
d) II and III only
e) I, II, and III
27. Which complex reduces molecular oxygen?
a) Complex I
b) Complex II
c) Complex III
d) UQH/UQH2 pool
e) Complex IV
28. Which list of words correctly fills in the blanks in the following sentence Iin the correct
order)?
“NADH, ________, and ________ are products of glycolysis, and NADH must be
recycled to ________ before it becomes limiting in glycolysis.”
a) ATP; pyruvate; NAD+
b) NAD+; ATP; pyruvate
c) ATP; NAD+; ATP
d) ATP; pyruvate; lactate
e) None of the above are correct.
29. Complete oxidation of which of the following molecules generates the least number of
ATP?
a) 1 molecule of glucose
b) 2 molecules of pyruvate
c) 2 molecules of acetyl CoA
d) 1 molecule of FADH2
e) 1 molecule of NADH
30. What is the generic name of the enzyme which converts glucose to glucose-6phosphate during glycolysis?
a) isomerase
b) mutase
c) enolase
d) kinase
e) dehydrogenase
31. Which of the following is not part of the cellular respiration?
a) Citric acid cycle
b) Krebs cycle
c) Tricarboxylic acid cycle
d) TCA cycle
e) Calvin cycle
32. Which of the following cannot be used as a final electron acceptor in anaerobic
respiration?
a) sulfate
b) iron (III)
c) nitrate
d) carbon dioxide
e) water
33. What are the benefits of producing lactate/ethanol and carbon dioxide from glucose?
I. ATP is produced.
II. NADH is oxidized.
III. FADH2 is oxidized.
IV. NADH is reduced.
V. FADH2 is reduced.
a) I and II only
b) I and III only
c) I and IV only
d) I, II and III only
e) I, IV and V only
34. In the process of alcoholic fermentation, what causes the liquid to bubble?
a) oxygen
b) carbon dioxide
c) nitrogen
d) alcohol
e) sugar
35. Which compound is oxidized during fermentation?
a) ADP
b) ATP
c) CO2
d) NADH
e) NAD+
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