Virtual Lab Assignments

13 Jun Virtual Lab Assignments

Question
Unit 1 Virtual Lab 1: Virtual Microscopy
Points: 30p
NAME: BUCKHAMJACK, ANDREA,S
PURPOSE (3P)

The purpose of this lab is to use the microscope provided to analyze thediffernet size of the different cells and organisms.

LAB SUMMARY (5P)
Some Cells are visible to the unaided eye, however smaller cells are easily visible under a light microscope. Different cells use various organelles to get around but others does not need it.

LAB ANSWERS (10P)
A. Estimate the size of:
1. An E. Coli cell. _1.8um_______________

2 A mitochondrion. __3.2um_____________
3. A Red Blood cell. ____8um_________

4. A hepatitus virus. ________.045um_______

5. A water molecule. _______.275um________

B. Observe the various Cell types and learn to distinguish between .cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htm”>Bacterial cells,Plant cells (1,2), and Animal cells (1,2,3)
• 1. Observe and describe three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus and their cell shape is usually unicellular. They do not have a true membrane bound nucleus and they have loop DNA. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts and cell wall. Prokaryotic is larger in size.

• 2. Observe and describe three differences and three similarities between plant and animal cells.

Plant cell and Animal cell have a cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria and a nucleus. However the differences are: The plant cell has a cell wall and Vacuoles and the animal cell does not. The animal cell is round and the plant cell is rectangular. Plant cell cannot change its shape, however animal cell can often change its shape.

C. Form a hypothesis
1. Hypothesize about how you might be able to sort a mixed population of cells into prokaryotes

From doing this online lab and doing research on different cells. The way to sort the two cells is by there size because Prokaryotes are larger. Even by the large amount of organelles of the eukaryotes that can be seen under a microscope and by its nucleus.

2. Hypothesize about a means to separate out plant cells from a mixed population of eukaryotic cells. Plant cells have a Vacuole, which regulates water and stores nutrients.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS (12P)
My Observation includes several different types of cells and bacteria such as Mitochondria and E.coli.One of the most important equipment in science experiments are microscope. They are very powerfulin being able to identify different items, bacteria, and single cells/atoms.This could be used to differentiate between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. This is exciting because it shows that there is so much operating beyond the scope of human perception.

Unit 1 Virtual Lab 2: Cellular Processes
Points: 30p
NAME: BUCKHAMJACK, ANDREA, S
PURPOSE (3P)
The purpose if this lab is to examine the different time frame of bacterial growth, cellular reproduction and cellular metabolism and the effects that they have.

LAB SUMMARY (5P)
Cell division and cellular reproduction are very important. Mitosis and Meiosis are apart of cell division, for sexual reproduction, growth and species evolvement. They all have different roles to play.

LAB ANSWERS (10P)

A. Bacterial Growth.

1. Estimate how long it takes for this population of bacteria to double. Hint- this population doubles multiple times during the duration of this recording.

In the first cell frame there was two cells when I moved up the time to approximately 20 minutes it appeared to have doubled. From what I have seenon this I would say anywhere from 20-25 minutes.

B.Cellular reproduction
1. Estimate the percentage of time that a constantly developing cell spends in interphase.

In the link it says anywhere between 12-24 hours so I would say approximately 85-90 % of the cycle.
2. In a random selection of 100 such cells, estimate the number that would be undergoing mitosis at any given time.

If the cells spend 85-90 % of the time in interphase then I would conclude that 8-10 % went through mitosis at any time so anywhere between 8-10.

3. Please fill out the following table regarding mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission.

Cell division type

Cells that divide this way

Final result in # of cells and type

Purpose of this kind of cell division.

Mitosis

Somatic Cell

2 Diploid daughter cell

Replicate

Meiosis

Gamates

4 daughter cell

Sexual reproduction

Binary fission

Prokaryotic Cell

2 daughter cell

Replication

C.Cellular metabolism
1. In a paragraph or two compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Be sure to address:

Inputs and outputs
Anabolic or catabolic nature
Which organisms use it
Cellular localization
Answer- From my knowledge photosynthesis and cellular respiration contain metabolic pathways. Bothuse an electron transport system to produce different molecules. In cellular respiration usually occurs at night both in animal and plants and releases carbon dioxide. Also occurs in Mitochondria.The two correlates with each other, one cannot operate without the other. Prime example when cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide and photosynthesis uses it as raw material.

2. Describe the ecological relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 3. Hypothesize about what might happen if a large number of producers were suddenly removed from the biosphere. Where might carbon accumulate if the ratio of number of producers to consumers was markedly reduced?

Answer- If producers were taken away from the biosphere then there would be a large amount of carbon dioxide circulating in the atmosphere.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS (12P)
My Observation different characteristics of cells don’t matter because they all correlate with each other. One depends on the other for daily operations.

Unit 1 Virtual Lab 3: Genetics
Points: 30p
NAME:
PURPOSE (3P)

LAB SUMMARY (5P)
LAB ANSWERS (10P)

A Phenotype and Genotype of Dragons. You do not have to be able to access the Dragon website to answer these questions.

1. Define genotype and phenotype and give an example (example: If R is the allele for red flower color, and r the allele for white flower color, “red flower” would be the phenotype, and the genotype could be RR or Rr)

2. What is an allele?

B. Drosophila Lab. Enter as a guest. Buy and then breed a pair of flies. To keep it simple, 1) have one of the flies be “wild type” e.g. not mutated, 2) use only one mutated characteristic (there are plenty of mutations to choose from, but be sure that in all others they are wildtype).

1.Describe and explain the characteristic of the first generation (F1) of flies. Is your chosen characteristic dominant or recessive?

2. Assume the mutated fly’s genotype (regarding that trait) to be bb and the wild type fly’s genotype to be WW and fill in the following Punnet square. Are your breeding results consistent with what you expect from this assumption and the logic of the Punnet square?

3. Breed two of these F1 flies. To do this select a male and a female from the results of your first cross and put them in the breeding jar. Describe and explain the characteristics of the second-generation (F2) flies.

4. Use a Punnet square to predict the ratios of a cross between two Wb individuals. Is this consistent with your experimental observations?

C. Genetic Disorders Library. Describe the three main classes of genetic disorders and give an example of each.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS (12P)
Unit 1 Virtual Lab 4: Electrophoresis
Points: 30p
NAME:
PURPOSE (3P)

LAB SUMMARY (5P)
LAB ANSWERS (10P)

A. Electrophoresis. Learn about electrophoresis by reading the information on the website and clicking “Forward” to proceed through the activity.

1. On what basis is electrophoresis able to separate molecules?

2. List the 5 Steps in running a Gel Electrophoresis experiment.

3. Under Step 5: Stain the gel and analyze results, what are the 3 size estimates in your DNA sample?

4. Read the Can DNA Demand A Verdict? Section and list 3 things you learned from this article.

B. Human Blood Types and Immune System

Answer the following questions:

Write down your blood type (if you do not know it, make one up) with both ABO and Rh groups.
Which blood groups can you donate blood to?
From which blood groups can you receive blood?
A woman with A blood group and a man with an AB blood group have a child with O blood group. Is the man the real father? Why or why not?