T lymphocytes gain immunocompetence

13 Jun T lymphocytes gain immunocompetence

Question
All of the following organs actively FIGHT pathogens EXCEPT: a. Cervical lymph nodes b. Tonsils c. Spleen d. Thymus e. Axillary lymph nodes

2. T lymphocytes gain immunocompetence within the: a. Bone marrow b. Thyroid c. Spleen d. Bursa of Fabricius e. None of the above

3. ________ secrete antibodies. a. Helper T cells b. Killer T cells c. Natural killer cells d. Viruses e. None of the above

4. All nucleated cells bear __________ proteins on their surface. a. MHC 1 b. MHC 2 c. MHC 3 d. MHC 4 e. Foreign

5. Which of the following is TRUE? a. Neutrophils are typically the first WBCs to arrive at a site of infection. b. Macrophages contain lysosomes which contain digestive enzymes. c. Eosinophils help defend against parasitic worms. d. Natural killer cells attack and kill virus infected cells. e. All of the above

6. Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? a. Pallor b. Redness c. Loss of function d. Swelling e. Heat

7. Which of the following is NOT associated with inflammation? a. Redness b. Swelling c. Decreased capillary permeability d. Vasodilation e. Pain

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8. The ANP virus has infected a cell. Fragments of viral proteins will be displayed on the surface of the cell by its ________ proteins and will activate a __________ . a. MHC2 – Plasma cell b. MHC1 – Plasma cell c. MHC1 – Cytotoxic T cell d. MHC2 – Cytotoxic T cell e. Interferon – retroviral cell

9. Which of the following is NOT a class of antibodies? a. IgA b. IgB c. IgD d. IgE e. IgG

10. Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system? 1. Removal of excess fluid from tissues 2. Absorption of fat from the digestive tract 3. Defending the body against pathogenic organisms a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 1 and 3 c. 1 and 2 d. 2 and 3

11. Lymph is moved through lymphatic vessels because of: a. Skeletal muscle contraction b. Ventricular contraction c. Flapping of the lymphatic valves d. Pumping by the smooth muscle of the lymphatic capillaries

12. Which of the following does NOT empty into the thoracic duct? a. Lymph from the right leg b. Intestinal trunk c. Left jugular trunk d. Right subclavian trunk

13. As lymph flows through a lymph node, which of the following would it go through LAST? a. Medullary sinus b. Subcapsular sinus c. Afferent lymphatic vessel d. Cortical sinus

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14. All of the following are functions of the spleen EXCEPT: a. Production of complement proteins b. Removal of old RBCs from the blood c. Storage of blood platelets d. Fetal RBC production

15. Which of the following is TRUE? a. Tonsils are entirely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. b. Tonsils contain crypts which can help trap pathogens. c. The palatine tonsil is superior to the pharyngeal tonsil. d. The lingual tonsils are often referred to as the adenoids

16. Most of the body’s mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue can be found in the ________ tract and the ___________ tract. a. Respiratory and digestive b. Respiratory and reproductive c. Gastrointestinal and urinary d. Reproductive and urinary

17. Which of the following cells produces the fibers that form the structural framework of most lymphatic organs? a. Reticular cells b. Mononuclear fibrocytes c. Binuclear fibrocytes d. Macrophages

18. Lymphoid follicles are usually found in all of the following EXCEPT the: a. Distal small intestine b. Appendix c. Lymph node cortex d. Tonsils e. All of the above contain lymphoid follicles!

19. Which of the following is TRUE of lymphatic capillaries? a. They empty into lymphatic collecting vessels. b. They’re practically impermeable to fluid and proteins. c. They are abundant in teeth and bone. d. They receive blood directly from venules.

20. There are typically _________ afferent lymphatic vessels entering a lymph node than there are efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node. This causes the flow of lymph to ________ as it passes through the lymph node. a. More – slow down b. More – speed up c. Fewer – slow down d. Fewer – speed up

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21. Both a B lymphocyte and a Helper T cell respond to antigen Q. Thus, they will probably have a similar receptor on their surface that can bind to antigen Q. a. The statement is TRUE. b. The statement is FALSE

22. The IgM antibody exists as pentamer. This basically means that it consists of 5 antibodies joined together. Thus the IgM pentamer could bind to how many antigens? a. 200 b. 10 c. 15 d. 5 e. 20

23. What type of lymphocyte is responsible for antibody-mediated immunity? a. B lymphocyte b. Killer T lymphocyte c. Macrophages d. Antigen-presenting cells

24. Which of the following is TRUE of neutrophils? a. They enlarge to become macrophages. b. They account for most of the dead cells in pus. c. They’re usually the last immune cells to enter infected tissues. d. They’re considered part of the adaptive immune system.

25. The thymus of a young experimental animal was removed. There were no immediate effects, but after 1 year several changes were apparent. Which of the following is the LEAST likely result of the removal of the thymus? a. Increased antibody production b. Decreased Helper T cell count c. Decreased Cytotoxic T cell count d. Increased likelihood of acquiring viral infections

26. Complement proteins do which of the following: 1. Activate mast cells 2. Act as chemotactants 3. Form membrane attack complexes 4. Opsonization a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 b. 1, 2, and 4 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 2 and 4

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27. Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid organ? a. Spleen b. Inguinal lymph node c. Cervical lymph node d. Thyroid e. Palatine tonsil

28. Which of the following is closest to the diaphragm? a. Lingual tonsil b. Spleen c. Peyer’s patches d. Right lymphatic duct

29. Select the TRUE statement. a. Lymphatic capillaries are involved in the absorption of digested sugars b. Lymphatic vessels typically have very few valves c. Compared to blood, lymph has a higher density of red blood cells d. The expansion and recoil of arteries assists in causing lymph flow e. Macrophages are NOT an example of lymphoid cells

30. Nonspecific immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT: a. Lysozyme b. Neutrophils c. Interferon d. Antibodies released by B lymphocytes e. Complement

31. Which of the following does NOT refer to a tonsil? a. Palatine b. Pharyngeal c. Uvula d. Lingual e. Adenoids

Use the following answer choices for the next 10 items. a. B lymphocyte b. T lymphocyte c. B and T lymphocytes d. Neither B nor T lymphocytes

32. Immune cells that gain immunocompetence in the bone marrow

33. Immune cells that can mature in a mediastinal lymphoid organ more prominent in the fetus than in the adult

34. They can turn into cells that secrete IgA

35. They can turn into cells that secrete IgM

36. They’re part of the specific immune system

37. An example of these cells is the Langerhans cells of the epidermis

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38. They can release perforins and lymphotoxins

39. They contain a nucleus

40. They mediate humoral immunity

41. They mediate cellular immunity

42. Suppose Joey was exposed to antigen X for the first time, and 2 days later his blood serum contained 2 x 106 anti-X antibodies per milliliter. Six months later, Joey is again exposed to antigen X. 2 days after the second exposure, you would expect his serum anti-X antibody concentration to be ____________ 2 x 106 per milliliter. a. Exactly b. Greater than c. Less than

43. In response to B lymphocyte activation, the number of circulating plasma B cells will __________________ and the number of circulating memory B cells will __________________ a. Increase – Increase b. Increase – Decrease c. Decrease – Decrease d. Decrease – Increase e. None of the above

44. MHC proteins: a. Are involved in marking body cells as being “self” b. Can be found on virtually all cells (Type I) c. Can be found on antigen-presenting cells (Type II) d. All of the above e. None of the above

45. Which of the following associations is CORRECT? a. Injection of an attenuated pathogen – Artificial active immunity b. Antibody excretion in breast milk – Natural passive immunity c. Injection of antibody-containing sera – Artificial passive immunity d. Generation of memory cells against live pathogens – Natural active immunity e. All of the above are correct

46. Which of the following is INCORRECT? a. IgA is a dimer often found in the same secretions as lysozyme b. IgG can be involved in hemolytic disease of the newborn c. IgM and IgG can activate complement d. IgD can be found acting as a receptor protein on the B cell plasma membrane e. None of the above

47. Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease? a. Multiple sclerosis b. Myasthenia gravis c. Type I (insulin dependent) diabetes d. Rheumatoid arthritis e. Botulism

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48. Which of the following is NOT a function of complement? f. Tagging antigen-antibody complexes for phagocytosis g. Inducing inflammation via glucose release from neutrophils h. Inducing lysis of pathogenic cells i. Inducing histamine release from mast cells and basophils j. None of the above 49. Which of the following would you expect to have the most well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum? k. Memory B lymphocyte l. Memory T lymphocyte m. Plasma T lymphocyte n. Plasma B lymphocyte o. Immuno-incompetent B lymphocyte

50. The lymphatic system: I. Plays no role in nutrient transport II. Returns interstitial fluid to the vascular system III. Plays an active role in immune defense

a. I, II, and III are TRUE b. Only I and II are TRUE c. Only II and III are TRUE d. Only I and III are TRUE e. I, II, and III are all FALSE

51. Which of the following cells could be found in a lymphoid organ? a. B lymphocytes b. T lymphocytes c. Plasma cells d. Macrophages e. All of the above

52. Which of the following is TRUE of lymph nodes? a. There are an average of 35 lymph nodes in the human body b. Lymph nodes are not surrounded by a connective tissue capsule c. Lymph nodes are the only lymphoid organs with afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels d. The number of living microorganisms in an efferent lymphatic vessel is always greater than the number of living microorganisms in an afferent lymphatic vessel e. None of the above

53. The spleen: a. Is the only lymphoid organ in the abdominal cavity b. Is involved in mineral storage and red blood cell destruction c. Is served by the splenic artery, which is a branch of inferior mesenteric artery d. Contains primarily white pulp which is involved in red blood cell synthesis e. Is the smallest of the lymphoid organs

54. Surgical excision of the thymus would be most detrimental to a(n): a. 18yo male b. 18yo female c. 34yo male d. 65yo male e. 2yo male

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55. Which of the following is TRUE of the tonsils? a. The smallest tonsils are the pterygoid tonsils b. The lingual tonsils are located in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx c. The pharyngeal tonsils are referred to as the adenoids d. The palatine tonsils are the least often infected e. None of the above

56. Which of the following would deal with an extracellular pathogen in the lymph? a