13 Jun FIFO AND LIFO INVENTORY
Assignment Exercise 8–1: FIFO and LIFO Inventory
Study the FIFO and LIFO explanations in the chapter.
Required
a1. Use the format in Exhibit 8–1 to compute the ending FIFO inventory and the cost of goods sold, assuming $90,000 in sales; beginning inventory 500 units @ $50; purchases of 400 units @ $50; 100 units @ $65; 400 units @ $80. a2. Also compute the cost of goods sold percentage of sales. b1. Use the format in Exhibit 8–2 to compute the ending LIFO inventory and the cost of goods sold, using same assumptions. b2. Also compute the cost of goods sold percentage of sales. c. Comment on the difference in outcomes. Assignment Exercise 8–2: Inventory Turnover
Study the “Calculating Inventory Turnover” portion of the chapter closely, whereby the cost of goods sold divided by the average inventory equals the inventory turnover.
Required
Compute two inventory turnover calculations as follows:
1. Use the LIFO information in the previous assignment to first compute the average inventory and then to compute the inventory turnover. 2. Use the FIFO information in the previous assignment to first compute the average inventory and then to compute the inventory turnover. Assignment Exercise 8–3: Depreciation Concept Assume that MHS purchased two additional pieces of equipment on April 1 (the first day of its fiscal year), as follows: 1. The laboratory equipment cost $300,000 and has an expected life of = years. The salvage value is 5% of cost. No equipment was traded in on this purchase. 2. The radiology equipment cost $800,000 and has an expected life of 7 years. The salvage value is 10% of cost. No equipment was traded in on this purchase. Required For both pieces of equipment: 1. Compute the straight-line depreciation. 2. Compute the double-declining balance depreciation. Example 8B: Depreciation This example shows straight-line depreciation computed at a five-year useful life with no salvage value. Straight-line depreciation is the method commonly used for financing projections and funding proposals. Depreciation Expense Computation: Straight Line Five year useful life; no salvage value Year # Annual Depreciation Remaining Balance Beginning Balance = 60,000 1 12,000 48,000 2 12,000 36,000 3 12,000 24,000 4 12,000 12,000 5 12,000 -0- Example 8C: Depreciation This example shows straight-line depreciation computed at a five-year useful life with a remaining salvage value of $10,000. Note the difference in annual depreciation between Example 8B and Example 8C. Depreciation Expense Computation: Straight Line Five year useful life; $10,000 salvage value Year # Annual Depreciation Remaining Balance Beginning Balance = 60,000 1 10,000 50,000 2 10,000 40,000 3 10,000 30,000 4 10,000 20,000 5 10,000 10,000 Example 8D: Depreciation This example shows double-declining depreciation computed at a five-year useful life with no salvage value. As is often the case with a five-year life, the double-declining method is used for the first three years and the straight-line method is used for the remaining two years. The double-declining method first computes what the straight-line percentage would be. In this case 100% divided by five years equals 20%. The 20% is then doubled. In this case 20% times 2 equals 40%. Then the 40% is multiplied by the remaining balance to be depreciated. Thus 60,000 times 40% for year one equals 24,000 depreciation, with a remaining balance of 36,000. Then 36,000 times 40% for year two equals 14,400 depreciation, and 36,000 minus 14,400 equals 21,600 remaining balance, and so on. Now note the difference in annual depreciation between Example 8B, using straight-line for all five years, and Example 8D, using the combined double-declining and straight-line methods. Depreciation Expense Computation: Double-Declining-Balance Five year useful life; $10,000 salvage value Year # Annual Depreciation Remaining Balance Beginning Balance = 60,000 1 24,000* 36,000 2 14,400* 21,600 3 8,640* 12,960 4 6,480 6,480 5 6,480 6,480 *double-declining balance depreciation straight-line depreciation for remaining two years (12,960 divided by 2 = 6,480/yr) Practice Exercise 8–II: Depreciation Compute the straight-line depreciation for each year for equipment with a cost of $50,000, a five-year useful life, and a $5,000 salvage value. Assignment Exercise 8–4: Depreciation Set up a purchase scenario of your own and compute the depreciation with and without salvage value. Assignment Exercise 8–5: Depreciation Computation: Units-of-Service Study the “Units of Service” portion of the chapter closely. Required 1. Using the format in Table 8–A-5, compute units of service depreciation using the following assumptions: Cost to be depreciated = $50,000 Salvage value = zero Total units of service = 10,000 Units of service per year: Year 1 = 2,200; Year 2 = 2,100; Year 3 = 2,300; Year 4 = 2,200; Year 5 = 200 2. Using the same format, compute units of service depreciation using adjusted assumptions as follows: Cost to be depreciated = $50,000 Salvage value = $5,000 Total units of service = 10,000 Units of service per year: Year 1 = 2,200; Year 2 = 2,100; Year 3 = 2,300; Year 4 = 2,200; Year 5 = 200 CHAPTER 9 Example 9A Review the chapter text about annualizing positions. In particular review Exhibit 9–2, which contains the annualizing calculations. Practice Exercise 9–I: FTEs to Annualize Staffing The office manager for a physicians’ group affiliated with Metropolis Health System (MHS) is working on her budget for next year. She wants to annualize her staffing plan. To do so she needs to convert her staff’s net paid days worked to a factor. Their office is open and staffed seven days a week, per their agreement with two managed care plans. The office manager has the MHS worksheet, which shows 9 holidays, 7 sick days, 15 vacation days, and 3 education days, equaling 34 paid days per year not worked. The physicians’ group allows 8 holidays, 5 sick days, and 1 education day. An employee must work one full year to earn 5 vacation days. An employee must have worked full time for three full years before earning 10 annual vacation days. Because the turnover is so high, nobody on staff has earned more than 5 vacation days. Required 1. Compute net paid days worked for a full-time employee in the physicians’ group. 2. Convert net paid days worked to a factor so the office manager can annualize her staffing plan. Assignment Exercise 9–1: FTEs to Annualize Staffing The Metropolis Health System managers are also working on their budgets for next year. Each manager must annualize his or her staffing plan, and thus must convert staff net paid days worked to a factor. Each manager has the MHS worksheet, which shows 9 holidays, 7 sick days, 15 vacation days, and 3 education days, equaling 34 paid days per year not worked. The Laboratory is fully staffed 7 days per week and the 34 paid days per year not worked is applicable for the lab. The Medical Records department is also fully staffed 7 days per week. However, Medical Records is an outsourced department so the employee benefits are somewhat different. The Medical Records employees receive 9 holidays plus 21 personal leave days, which can be used for any purpose. Required 1. Compute net paid days worked for a full-time employee in the Laboratory and in Medical Records. 2. Convert net paid days worked to a factor for the Laboratory and for Medical Records so these MHS managers can annualize their staffing plans. Example 9B Review the chapter text about staffing requirements to fill a position. In particular review Exhibit 9–4, which contains (at the bottom of the exhibit) the staffing calculations. Remember this method uses a basic work week as the standard. Practice Exercise 9–II: FTEs to Fill a Position Metropolis Health System (MHS) uses a basic work week of 40 hours throughout the system. Thus, one full-time employee works 40 hours per week. MHS also uses a standard 24-hour scheduling system of three 8-hour shifts. The Admissions manager needs to compute the staffing requirements to fill his departmental positions. He has more than one Admissions office staffed within the system. The West Admissions office typically has two Admissions officers on duty during the day shift, one Admissions officer on duty during the evening shift, and one Admissions officer on duty during the night shift. The day shift also has one clerical person on duty. Staffing is identical for all seven days of the week. Required 1. Set up a staffing requirements worksheet, using the format in Exhibit 9–4. 2. Compute the number of FTEs required to fill the Admissions officer position and the clerical position at the West Admissions office. Assignment Exercise 9–2: FTEs to Fill a Position Metropolis Health System (MHS) uses a basic work week of 40 hours throughout the system. Thus, one full-time employee works 40 hours per week. MHS also uses a standard 24-hour scheduling system of three 8-hour shifts. The Director of Nursing needs to compute the staffing requirements to fill the Operating Room (OR) positions. Since MHS is a trauma center, the OR is staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. At present, staffing is identical for all 7 days of the week, although the Director of Nursing is questioning the efficiency of this method. The Operating Room department is staffed with two nursing supervisors on the day shift and one nursing supervisor apiece on the evening and night shifts. There are two technicians on the day shift, two technicians on the evening shift, and one technician on the night shift. There are three RNs on the day shift, two RNs on the evening shift, and one RN plus one LPN on the night shift. In addition, there is one aide plus one clerical worker on the day shift only. Required 1. Set up a staffing requirements worksheet, using the format in Exhibit 9–4. 2. Compute the number of FTEs required to fill the Operating Room staffing positions.
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