BRCC BIOL 121 FINAL EXAM – E coli is a shortened name for a bacterium that lives in

13 Jun BRCC BIOL 121 FINAL EXAM – E coli is a shortened name for a bacterium that lives in

1. E coli is a shortened name for a bacterium that lives in our gut. According to the rules of binomial
nomenclature it is properly written as _______________.
a. Escherichia COLI
b. Escherichia Coli
c. Escherichia coli
d. escherichia coli
e. escherichia coli
2. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to in the field of biology?
a. Total number of species on earth
b. Genetic variation that exists within populations all of the earth’s species
c. Total number of Earth’s ecosystems
d. All of the above are correct
3. Prokaryotic cells are classified in Domain(s) _______
a. Archaea
b. Bacteria
c. Eukarya
d. Archaea and Bacteria
e. Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
4.
4. The shape of this bacterium is __________ and the
attachment filaments radiating out are called_________
a. bacillus…………. flagella
b. coccus……………cilia
c. spirilla…………..pili
d. bacillus………… pili
e. vibrio…………….cilia
5. A certain bacterium can withstand heating, drying and toxic chemicals that would kill most other
bacteria. This indicates that it is probably able to form a __________
a. Pseudopodia
b. Conjugation tube
c. Endospore
d. Flagellum
e. Endotoxins
6.

6.What ecological role is played by
cyanobacteria ?
a. photosynthetic producers that make sugar and
pump oxygen into the atmosphere
b. decomposers of dead leaves and dead animals
c. chemosynthetic producers
d pathogens of plants and animals
e. predators of other bacteria

7. The term phytoplankton applies to photosynthetic, microscopic floating organisms such
as________
a. Protozoan ciliates and flagellates

b.
c.
d.
e.
8.

Aquatic plants
Dinoflagellates, diatoms and some unicellular or colonial green algae
Macroalgae and seaweeds
Fungus like protists such as slime molds

Which of the following statements is false?
a. Most protists are aquatic.
b. Protists are eukaryotes.
c. Most protists are unicellular.
d. Protists have more complex cells than prokaryotes.
e. Photosynthetic protists are called protozoa.

9.
9. Which of the following structures is used by amoebas to move
and to eat?
a. microvilli
b. cilia
c. flagella
d. pseudopodia
e. tendrils
10.
Into what kingdom do we place multicellular
heterotrophic eukaryotes that acquire food by absorption from the environment and have cell
walls made of chitin?
a. Plantae
b. Animalia
c. Protista
d. Fungi
e. Proteobacteria
11.
11. (See image to the left) A fungus surrounding a root
absorbs food from the plant and in turn this fungus
provides water and minerals to the plant. This is a
_________ relationship?
a. parasitic
b. commensalistic
c. predatorial
d. mutualistic
e. competitive
12. (See image above). A fungus growing together with a plant root in a way that benefits both is
a(n)_______
a. Lichen
b. Epiphyte
c. Mycorrhizae
d. Hemiparasite
e. Halophyte
13. Which group shares the most recent common ancestor with land plants?
a. Fungi
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Brown algae
d. Green algae – charophytes
e. Filamentous Bacteria

14.
14. The part of the moss the arrow points to is the _____________ and it
produces spores by ____________
a. male gametophyte……..mitosis
b. female gametophyte…..meiosis
c. sporophyte………………..mitosis
d. sporophyte……………….meiosis

.
15. Which of the following plant features is an adaptation for survival and reproduction on land?
a. Cuticle
b. Seed
c. Vascular tissue
d. Pollen grain
e. All of the above
16. The arrow is pointing to a __________ in the life cycle
of a fern?
a. sporophyte
b. female gametophyte
c. male gametophyte
d. zygote
16.
17. Which of the following identifies all vascular plants that produce seeds?
a. Mosses and ferns
b. Ferns and Gymnosperms
c. Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
d. Only mosses
e. Only Angiosperms

18. (see image below)

18. The structure is called a(n) ______ and it belongs
to the _____ part of the flower.
a. stigma………………………female
b. anther…………………….. male
c. anther……………………..female
d. stigma……………………..male
e. pollen tube…………….male

19. ( see diagram to right) Sperm nuclei are located in
pollen produced at ________ and the egg is located
within the _________
a. C ……………..B
b. A………………C
c. A……………..D
d. D……………..A
e. B……………..D

C
A

B

19.

D
E

20. The wood of trees is actually layers of _______________
a. Vascular cambium
b. Cork cambium
c. Secondary phloem
d. Secondary xylem
e. Cork
21. Corn kernels, peppers, tomatoes and cucumbers all contain seeds and are derived from the
ovary of a flowering plant; therefore in botanical terms, they are____________
a. Fruits
b. Modified Stems
c. Modified leaves
d. Sepals
e. None of the above
22. Which of the following statements do not apply to all animals?
a. Animals are multicellular
b. Animals are heterotrophic
c. Animals are multicellular
d. Animals have tissues and organs
e. Animals are eukaryotes
23. A marine biologist finds a small animal at the bottom of the ocean that is uniformly segmented
with short stiff bristles and soft skin. It has a complete digestive system and a circulatory system
but no exoskeleton. Based on this description, this animal sounds like it is a(n)___________
a. Flatworm
b. Nematode

c. Eel
d. Annelid
e. Squid
24. Examine this diagram of a planarian. It is a(n)____________
a. acoelomate
b. pseudocoelomate
c. coelomate

24.
25. (See the arrow pointing to the outer layer of cells in the planarian) What is this germ layer called?
a. Endoderm
b. Mesoderm
c. Ectoderm
d. Placoderm
e. Pachyderm
26. Which reptilian adaptation enables reptiles to reproduce on land?
a. Lungs
b. Endothermic metabolism
c. An amniotic egg
d. Four legs
e. Three chambered heart
27. (See image below)
27. This invertebrate lancelet belongs in Phylum
________ based on its key characteristics.
a. Vertebrata
b. Agnatha
c. Chondrichthyes
d. Chordata
e. Mollusca

28. (See evolutionary tree below)

28. Based on this evolutionary tree,
Which primates are the most primitive?
a. Lemurs , lorises, and pottos
b. Old world monkeys
c. Apes
d. New world monkeys
e. tarsiers

29. Which unique feature distinguishes the members of the lineage that gave rise to humans from
other hominids including gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans?
a. Grasping hand
b. Large snout nose
c. Binocular vision
d. Bipedal locomotion
e. Knuckle walking
30. The “Out of Africa” hypothesis proposes that the first modern humans evolved
____________________
a. in multiple regions of the world outside of Africa
b. in Africa and migrated to Asia and Europe
c. outside of Africa and migrated into Africa
31. What group(s) of mammals has embryos that develop completely within the uterus while being
nourished.by the mother?
a. Placental
b. Marsupial
c. Monotreme
d. Both marsupial and Placental
e. Both monotremes and marsupial

32. Which is an incorrect match of muscle tissue type with the organ?

a. Cardiac muscle…………………….. heart
b. Smooth muscle …………………… stomach
c. Cardiac muscle……………………. Arteries
d. Smooth muscle…………………….. small intestines
e. Skeletal muscles…………………… muscles attached to bones
33. What is an example of homeostasis?
a. Skin is composed of all four tissue types.
b. When sugar levels rise in the blood, the pancreas releases insulin to bring down the sugar
levels.
c. DNA is found in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells
d. When you exercise, your body temperature rises
e. Hair grows at a constant rate.
34. (See heart below)

34. What is the name of the chamber labeled Q?
a. right atrium
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. left ventricle

Q

35. Where does this chamber Q pump blood next?
a. pulmonary artery
b. left atrium
c. aorta
d. pulmonary veins

35. (See heart above)
36. Which of the following lists traces the correct path of blood from the
Vena cava to the lungs?
a. Left atrium………. Left ventricle…………..aorta
b. Left atrium………..Left ventricle……..……..pulmonary veins
c. Right atrium………Right ventricle…………….pulmonary arteries
d. Right atrium…….. Left ventricle…………… Aorta
e. Right atrium…….. Right ventricle……….…..pulmonary veins

37. The respiratory surface of most organisms, such as alveoli in humans, must __________
a. Be thin ( one cell layer thick)
b. Be moist
c. Have an extensive surface area
d. Allow diffusion of gasses

e. All of the above are true

38. Label the respiratory structures shown in Figure 4 by choosing the CORRECT set of labels.
38. Label the respiratory structures shown in this figure by
choosing the correct set of labels
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

A= pharynx
A= pharynx
A = pharynx
A = larynx
A = larynx

B =esophagus
B =larynx
B= trachea
B= bronchus
B = bronchus

C =trachea
C= bronchioles
C = bronchus
C = trachea
C = bronchioles

39. (See image below)
39. This test tube has been spun with a centrifuge.
The liquid portion on top labeled A is the
______________ and the dark red portion on the bottom
labeled C are ________________
a. Plasma……………….. erythrocytes
b. Plasma………………….. leukocytes
c. Plasma……………………. Platelets
d. Platelets…………………. Erythrocytes
e. Leukocytes……………. Erythrocytes

40. A blood pressure reading of 150/100 is an indicator of _____________________ and the number
150 is the ___________________ blood pressure.
a. Normal blood pressure………………………… systolic
b. Normal blood pressure……………………….. diastolic
c. High blood pressure……………………………. systolic
d. High blood pressure……………………………..diastolic
e. Low blood pressure……………………………… diastolic

41. What is the human body’s first line of defense against pathogens?
a. Macrophages and inflammation
b. Antibodies
c. Barriers of the skin with its oil and sweat, tears of eyes
d. T lymphocytes
e. B lymphocytes

42. Helper T cells _________________
a. Launch antibody-mediated immunity only
b. Launch cell-mediated immunity only
c. Launch both antibody-mediated and cell mediated immunity
d. Do not help launch either antibody-mediated nor cell-mediated immunity
43. Vaccinations are effective in producing immunity because they stimulate the production of
_________
a. Red blood cells
b. White blood cells
c. Memory cells
d. Helper T cells
e. Phagocytes
44. The disease of rheumatoid arthritis involves a person attacking their own joints resulting in
inflammation and pain. Rheumatoid arthritis is a(n)_____________
a. Type of allergy
b. Infectious disease
c. Immune deficiency disease
d. Autoimmune disease
e. Pulmonary disease
45. The _______________ sends out digestive enzymes to complete digestion and is the location
where most nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.
a. Small intestine
b. Large intestine
c. Stomach
d. Rectum

e. Esophagus
46. Which of the following is Not a function of the excretory (urinary) system?
a. Elimination of nitrogenous wastes ( ammonia, urea, uric acid)
b. Maintenance of salt balance
c. Help in maintaining acid-base balance
d. Elimination of undigested food
e. Maintenance of water balance

47. Use key below

47. What letter points to the organ where bile is made,
ammonia is converted to urea, and glucose is converted
to glycogen?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E.
48. What letter points to the organ where major water
absorption occurs and formation of feces?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E

B
A
C

E
D

48. Use above key
49. Which of the following describes the route of urine out of the body after it leaves the kidney?
a. Renal vein…………….…urinary bladder…………………urethra……………..ureter
b. Renal vein……………… ureter……………………………….urinary bladder……………urethra
c. Urethra…………………..urinary bladder………………….ureter
d. Ureter…………………… urinary bladder……………………urethra
e. Urethra…………………..urinary bladder…………………..ureters
50. What is the functional unit of the kidney in which urine is formed?
a. Nephron
b. Alveolus
c. Villi
d. Ganglia
e. Ventricle
51. Which is an incorrect match?
a. Fertilization ———- union of egg and sperm to form a zygote
b. Ovulation ————— release of an egg from a follicle
c. Cleavage —————- repeated division of cells without increase in size
d. Gastrulation ……………. formation of a solid ball of cells
e. Blastulation …………….. formation of a hollow ball of cells

52. (see image below)

52. The name of the organ labeled B is the
____________ of a human female and in a healthy
state has a weakly __________ pH.
a. uterine tube…………………..acid
b. vagina…………………………… basic
c. uterus……………………………. acidic
d. vagina……………………………..acidic
e. uterus…………………………….. basic

Z

53. (see image below)
53. The path of sperm in a male from the seminiferous
tubules is ____________________
a. epididymis……………urethra……………vas deferens
b. epididymis…………..vas deferens………. Urethra
c. urethra………………. Vas deferens…………epididymis
d. urethra………………. Epididymis…………..vas deferens
e. vas deferens……….urethra…………………..epididymis

54. Which of the following is an incorrect match?
a.
Testes……………………..testosterone
b.
Ovaries…………………. Estrogen and progesterone
c.
Adrenal glands………..Epinephrine
d.
Pancreas………………… Insulin and glucagon
e.
Thymus………………….. Thyroxine
55. The central nervous system consists of _______________
a.
Cranial nerves
b.
Peripheral nerves
c.
Brain and spinal cord
d. Only the brain
e. Only the spinal cord
56. The dramatic change in voltage across the cell membrane of a neuron that occurs only after a
threshold value is reached is called the __________________.
a. Threshold potential
b. Resting potential
c. Passive potential

d. Action potential

e. Reaction potential
57. (see image below)
57. The part of the neuron that sends on the
electrochemical signal to another neuron and may
be covered by a myelin sheath is
called_________________
a. dendrite
b. cell body
c. axon
d. nucleus
e. neurotransmitter
58. (see image below)

58. The arrow points to the region of the
brain responsible for _________
a. breathing and digesting
b. coordinating muscle movement and
balance
c. thinking, remembering, sensing, and
control of skeletal muscles
d. functioning of kidneys and heart

59. Which type of neuron is found in the brain and spinal cord?
a. Sensory neuron
b. Interneuron
c. Motor neuron

60. Because only the ____________gland uses iodine to make its hormone thyroxine, radioactive
iodine is often used as a treatment for tumors of this gland.
a. Thyroid
b. Pituitary
c. Adrenal
d. Testicular
e. Pancreatic

61. The chemical signals released at the end of a pre-synaptic neuron that moves across the
synaptic cleft and are received by the post-synaptic neuron are called________
a. Hormones
b. Neurotransmitters
c. Pheromones
d. Histamines
e. Cytokines

62. Where are the receptors located for a protein type hormone such as insulin?
a. Inside of every cell in the body
b. Inside of the hormone’s target cells
c. Within the plasma membrane of every cell in the body
d. Within the plasma membrane of the hormone’s target cells
63. Which of the following does not pair a hormone with what it regulates in the human body?
a. Insulin……………… decreases in blood glucose level
b. Glucagon…………increases in blood glucose level
c. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)…….. water conservation in kidney
d. Oxytocin……………uterine contractions during delivery of a baby
e. Parathyroid hormone………. Controls vitamin D levels
64. In the figure below, which number would designate the cold tundra biome with low average
annual precipitation?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6

65. In the figure above, what is the range of average annual precipitation (cm) for biome #3?
a. 5-100
b 50-175
c. 150-450
d. 0-10
e. 50

66. What factors could prevent a population from growing beyond its carrying capacity?
a. Disease
b. Limited food
c. Limited places to live
d. Competition
e. All of the above are factors
67. (see graph below)

67. Choose the incorrect statement about the logistic model
of population growth that is illustrated to the left.
a. it fits an S shaped curve
b. it takes into account available resources
c. it is describing a population with limiting factors
d. growth slows down as the population size approaches its
carrying capacity
e. it represents human population growth over time

68. Which of the following represents a biological community?
a. All the black bears living in a certain area
b. A species of shark in the Gulf of Mexico
c. The temperature, amount of rainfall, monkeys and plants in a rainforest
d. All of the living organisms inhabiting a New Mexico desert
e. The number of squirrels in Central Park New York
69. Which of the following lists only abiotic environmental factors?
a. Temperature, fire, wind, parasites
b. Soil minerals, oxygen levels, light, competitors
c. Wind, temperature, soil minerals, light
d. Light, rainfall, predators, temperature
e.
Precipitation, cloud cover, wind, symbionts
70. The process of primary succession occurs ____________
a. Around a recently erupted volcano
b. On a newly plowed field
c. On a hillside that has suffered a mudslide
d. On a recently flooded riverbank
e. On a freshly cleared subdivision lot

71.

70. What is not true about this population?
a. The population will increase at a rapid pace.
b. The pre-reproductive population is larger than the
elderly population.
c. This pattern is typical of a developed country
d. There is a close balance in the population in terms
of males and females
e. This population will require many more resources in
the future.

72. Which of these is a density dependent factor in terms of its effect on populations?
a. Hurricane
b. Competition and parasitism
c. Earthquake
d. Volcano
e. Windstorm
73. Population density is the number of __________ in a given area.
a. Adults of a single species
b. Females of a single species
c. Prereproductive individuals of a single species
d. Individuals of a single species
74. In a food chain “plant to caterpillar to lizard to snake”, which of these is the herbivore?
a. Plant
b. Caterpillar
c. Lizard
d. Snake
e. None of these
75. The term for a species that is found only in a particular place or region and nowhere else ( ie
kangaroo in Australia) is called a(n)__________species
a. Threatened
b. Endangered
c. Endemic