Most of the freshwater on Earth is trapped in polar ice caps and glaciers

13 Jun Most of the freshwater on Earth is trapped in polar ice caps and glaciers

Question
Chapter 13 – Water Resources – Review Questions

Section A. Mark A if a statement is true or B if it is false.

1. Only 3% of the Earth’s water is freshwater.

2. Most of the freshwater on Earth is trapped in polar ice caps and glaciers.

3. Twenty-five percent of all freshwater is found in lakes, rivers, and the atmosphere.

4. Watersheds contribute both water and nutrients to freshwater bodies.

5. Pollutants can build up more in standing water than in running water.

6. The formation and maintenance of a thermocline in a lake can lead to fish deaths due to a lack of oxygen.

7. The pelagic zone contains the greatest variety of life in the oceans.

8. Oxygen content, speed of water, and temperature all influence the kinds of organisms found in a body of water.

9. About 95% of the freshwater in the U.S. is contained in rivers, lakes and streams.

10. Aquifers that formed long ago and are not being recharged to any appreciable extent are said to contain fossil water.

11. Confined aquifers are at much higher risk of pollution than are unconfined aquifers.

12. Aquifers are not susceptible to pollution because they generally recharge quickly.

13. Groundwater supplies the needs of 50% of the U.S. population and is the major source of drinking water in about two-thirds of the states.

14. Water provides practical, aesthetic, and symbolic importance in our lives.

15. Worldwide, the human activity that consumes more water than any other is agriculture.

16. Nonconsumptive water uses remove water; use it; and return it, usually in some altered form, to its original source.

17. At present, each American consumes an average of 100 gallons of water per day.

18. Approximately 55 countries with a combined population of over one billion people cannot provide the minimum water standard for basic needs — 15 gallons per person, per day.

19. Although heat can have some effect on aquatic organisms, it is usually benign and therefore only a minor pollutant.

20. The ocean is so large that it would be impossible to do any damage to it.

Section B. Multiple Choice – Choose the one answer that best completes each statement.

21. ___________ is freshwater found underground in porous rock strata.

a. Epilimnion

b. Effluent

c. Groundwater

d. Runoff

e. Hypolimmion

22. An aquifer is

a. a saltwater pool

b. water stored in a polar ice cap

c. a large, flowing surface water supply

d. a freshwater stream flowing downhill

e. a water-saturated underground zone

23. ____________, or severe overdrafts, can lead to depletion, often lowering the water table so drastically that further extraction is no longer feasible.

a. Water mining

b. Desalinization

c. Thermoclines

d. Watersheds

e. Subsidence

24. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) refers to

a. bacteria that never use oxygen

b. suspended organic matter in water

c. decomposed aquatic organisms

d. the amount of oxygen needed to decompose organic matter in water

e. pollutants in the water that require oxygen in order to remain toxic

25. Water from a sewage plant that is deemed “acceptable” and therefore leaves the plant is known as

a. runoff

b. sludge

c. effluent

d. thermocline

e. freshwater

26. High amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen in water often result in

a. clean waterways

b. flooding

c. lower water levels

d. algal blooms

e. subsidence

27. The continuous cycling of water is known as the ___________ cycle.

a. hydrologic

b. rehydration

c. krebs

d. evaporation

e. nutrient

28. Most of the freshwater on Earth is found in

a. the atmosphere

b. polar ice caps

c. reservoirs

d. aquifers

e. lakes and rivers

29. Of the following, which description is not characteristic of an oligotrophic lake?

a. low nutrients

b. rocky shores and bottom

c. high oxygen content

d. high productivity

e. cold and deep

30. Of the following, which description is not characteristic of a eutrophic lake?

a. high oxygen content

b. warm and shallow

c. sandy, muddy bottom

d. high nutrients

e. high productivity

31. In a lake, light does not penetrate the

a. profundal zone

b. limnetic zone

c. littoral zone

d. euphotic zone

e. pelagic zone

32. The seasonal process by which cold, oxygen-poor water is mixed with warm, oxygen-rich water is known as

a. thermocline

b. turnover

c. thermal stratification

d. eutrophy

e. oligotrophy

33. A body of water with high biological oxygen demand (BOD) is high in

a. carbon dioxide

b. dissolved oxygen

c. organic material

d. dissolved oxygen and organic material

e. sediment

34. Primary treatment of wastewater refers to processes that are designed to remove

a. pollutants

b. disease causing organisms

c. sludge

d. undissolved solids

e. dissolved solids

35. The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974

a. Set maximum contaminant levels for pollutants that could affect human health

b. Addressed concerns about acid rain

c. Established water treatment and water pollution stipulations for industries

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

36. The Clean Water Act of 1972

a. Set maximum contaminant levels for pollutants that could affect human health

b. Addressed specific concerns about acid rain

c. Established water treatment and water pollution stipulations for industries

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

37. Since 1950, U.S. groundwater withdrawal has increased

a. 100 percent

b. 200 percent

c. 300 percent

d. 400 percent

e. 500 percent

38. A combined septic system is used to treat

a. Groundwater

b. Drinking water

c. Irrigation water

d. Waste water

e. All of the above

39. Eutrophication, the nutrient-enrichment of a body of water, is often accompanied by

a. Sediments

b. Toxic substances

c. Organic matter

d. Disease-causing wastes

e. All of the above

40. Water scarcity is most severe in

a. The Middle East

b. The Southwest United States

c. The Southeast United States

d. Asia

e. The African Sahel