Identify and label the structures of the neuron

13 Jun Identify and label the structures of the neuron

Question
BioLab3

Nervous System

Lab Report

Student Name:

I. Neuron

EXERCISE 1– Neuron

Identify and label the structures of the neuron.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

Identify and label the structures of the reflex arc.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

II. Central Nervous System

EXERCISE 2– Spinal cord

Identify and label the structures of the spinal cord.

A.

B.

C.

D.

Identify and label the connections of the sensory neuron, spinal cord, and motor neuron.

A.

B.

III. Reflex

EXERCISE 3– Tendon reflex

· Observation:

· Is the subject aware of the stimulus?

· Is the subject aware of the response?

· Observation:

EXERCISE 4– Pupillary Reflex

· Observation:

· Observation:

· Which is faster: constriction or dilation of the pupils?

· Is the subject aware of the pupils changing diameter?

EXERCISE 5– Swallowing

· Do you have conscious control over all of these muscles?

· Is it possible to swallow several times in quick succession?

· What effect does the stimulus have on the ability to swallow in quick succession?

· What part of swallowing is controlled by the conscious mind?

· What part is a reflex?

IV. Reaction

EXERCISE 6– Reaction Time

Record results of the ruler reaction experiment.

Trial

Distance (cm)

Trial

Distance (cm)

1

6

2

7

3

8

4

9

5

10

· Was there a change in reaction time during the ten trials?

· What do you think accounts for any changes that were observed?

V. Sensations

EXERCISE 7– Skin receptors

Identify and label the structures of the skin receptors.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

EXERCISE 8– Skin sensations and modality

What is the total number of positive responses for each stimulus?

Touch

Pain

Cold

Heat

· What is the pattern of distribution of positive responses?

EXERCISE 9– Projection

· Describe any sensations that are felt after the bag is removed.

· What can you conclude about projection and the receptors on the surface of the hand
and forearm?

EXERCISE 10– Adaption using water temperature

Record the sensations of hands in beakers 1 and 3.

Time

Right hand

in beaker 1

Left hand

in beaker 3

Initially

After 15 s

After 30s

After 45s

After 60s

Record the sensations of hands in in beaker 2.

Right hand

Left hand

EXERCISE 11– Adaption using a coin

Record the time that the sensation persists for the subject.

Seconds:

Record the time that the sensation persists at the second location.

Seconds:

· Does the pressure sensation return?

If so, record the time (in seconds) that the subject aware of this pressure?

Seconds:

Summary Questions

1. What is the name of the axon covering that aids in the transmissionof a nerve impulse over
long distances?

2. Which type of neuron carries messages from receptors to the central nervous system?

3. Which type of neuron carries messages within the central nervoussystem?

4. Which skin receptor detects light pressure?

5. What name is applied to the sacs within the axon terminal that contain neurotransmitters?

6. Define the following terms and describe an experiment that demonstrates each one:

Modality:

Projection:

Adaptation:

7. List and describe the different classes of neurons in terms of function.

8. Name and describe the function of five types of sensory receptors found in the skin.

9. List two differences between a reflex and a reaction

10.Name a difference between the tendon reflex and the pupillary reflex.

11.Describe the contents of the gray and white matter in the spinal cord.

12.Describe the components of a simple reflex arc.

13.What do you think an advantage and a disadvantage of receptor adaptation would beto a person?

14.Are organisms aware of all the activity in their nervous system? Why is this an advantage?