13 Jun THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ASSESSABLE
Question
Students should upload an electronic version of their assessment in the assessment 2 folder in the
assessment tab on the NURS1001 eLearning site.
Students must answer ONE question from each module. If you submit both questions, only the first will
be marked. Each question is worth 5 marks.
The specifications for the submission are: • A4 page with 2.5 cm margins on all four sides
• Each question to be written in full with text 10 point italic Arial font
• Each answer to be written in full with text 10 point Arial font and be no longer than 300 words.
Any writing in excess of 300 words will not be marked. This does not include references and question
text.
• Answers to be written in your own words; the answers should be expressed as if you were explaining
them to a colleague.
Marks will be deducted for quotations – you will need to paraphrase and write your answers in your own
words.
• You should not use terminology without defining words
• Referencing should be in APA 6th edition.
• Abbreviations should be made apparent and use the System International (SI) units (see
http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html)
• Figure, graphs, or tables should only be included if they convey information vital to the answer. In this
case, these need to be referenced appropriately.
MODULE 1: THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ASSESSABLE QUESTIONS
Question 1
Miss Y, a 27-year-old student, recently went snowboarding and fractured her wrist. Tests revealed that
her bone mineral density was lower than normal for her age. She reported that she recently has been
experiencing tenderness in a few joints recently and works in a sedentary, office based job.
1a. Name and describe the possible causes of low bone mineral density in a person of Miss Y’s age.
1b. Name the hormones that regulate bone turnover and explain how the body maintains homeostasis
of these hormones?
1c. Briefly describe the process of bone remodeling and include the key elements required in the process
and the interaction between the organic components/cells and hormones.
~OR~
Question 2
Mr T. is a 21-year-old male who recently had a diving accident that resulted in a spinal cord injury. Soon
after the injury occurred, Mr T was moved to a spinal rehabilitation ward. It has been 12 weeks since the
injury and Mr T. has noticed that his gastrocnemius muscles have significantly reduced in size.
2a. Using your knowledge of muscles and their stimulation, explain why Mr T’s gastrocnemius muscles
have decreased in size following his spinal cord injury.
2b. Identify which spinal region this injury is likely to have affected?
2c. Describe why this particular injury causes the muscle to get smaller in size?
MODULE 2: DIGESTION AND METABOLISM ASSESSABLE QUESTIONS
Question 1 Mr J. is a 46-year-old man who recently visited his GP for a general check up. He drinks 6-8
beers per day and his diet consists primarily of takeaway food. His blood test results indicate that he has
elevated liver enzyme levels and his GP told him that he wanted to do further testing as an elevation in
his liver enzymes are suggestive of the development of a fatty liver.
1a. What liver enzymes would you expect to be elevated in a patient with fatty liver?
1b. Describe the role of bile in digestion?
1c. Name and describe 2 other vital functions the liver performs in relation to digestion that may be
compromised by fatty liver disease.
~OR~
Question 2
Mrs K, a 48-year-old female, has been concerned about her health, as she had gained a lot of weight and
sometimes experiences dizziness. She made an appointment with her GP to have a general check up.
Her results indicate that she is pre-diabetic. Mrs K tells her doctor that this doesn’t surprise her as she
has a strong family history of type 2 diabetes. Her GP recommended she consider checking her blood
sugar levels before exercising.
2a. Discuss how long it takes for a typical meal to completely absorb and what is happening to blood
glucose during this time?
2b. How is blood glucose regulated by the body? Name the organs and hormones involved.
2c. What should Mrs K.’s blood glucose level range be prior to exercise? Explain what would happen if
her blood glucose level fell below this range.
2016
MODULE 3: OXYGENATION- CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS ASSESSABLE QUESTIONS
Question 1. Mr B. is a 51 year old male who has had elevated blood pressure detected on two separate
visits to his doctor. On the second visit his blood pressure was greater than 150/90. His GP suggests that
he monitor his blood pressure at home and Mr B. purchased his own monitor.
1a. Describe the baroreceptor reflexes that occur in response to high blood pressure and their
interaction with cardiac output and vascular resistance.
1b. What postural change would decrease blood pressure?
1c. Name three key hormones involved in blood pressure regulation.
~OR~
Question 2. Miss L. is a 32-year-old female who recently hiked Everest Base Camp, she had trained for a
long time in the Blue Mountains however her breathing and ability was greatly affected by the hike in
Nepal.
2a. Name and define the most likely respiratory effect of altitude on Miss L.
2b. Describe how the body would compensate in order to restore homeostasis when exposed to an
environment with decreased oxygen/atmospheric pressure?
2c. Why would athletes want to simulate high altitude environments? Describe how this would benefit
them physiologically?
2016
MODULE 4: IMMUNITY AND MICROBES ASSESSABLE QUESTIONS
Question 1 Master H, a 4-year-old boy, recently received a vaccination to protect against whooping
cough. This vaccination will help provide specific immunity against whooping cough.
1a. What was injected into Master H in order to illicit specific immunity against whooping cough?
1b. What distinguishes adaptive (specific immunity) from innate (non-specific immunity)?
1c. Describe how immunological memory works in relation to vaccinations?
~OR~
Question 2: Mrs M. is an 84-year-old female who lives in an aged care facility. For the past two weeks
she has been experiencing frequent bouts of coughing as well as intercostal pain. After some tests and a
chest x-ray, she was diagnosed with pneumonia. When her doctor visits her, she tells him that she is
worried about the germs in her lungs and doesn’t know how the doctor will get them out. Her doctor
explains that her lungs contain phagocytes fight the germs.
2a. Describe the role of phagocytes, naming the two main types of phagocytes.
2b. Briefly describe the five phases of phagocytosis?
2c. Why is pneumonia particularly concerning in the elderly?
2016
MODULE 5: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ASSESSABLE QUESTIONS
Question 1 Mr J. is a 29-year-old male who used anabolic steroids for a number of years to promote
hypertrophy of his muscles in an effort to win a body building competition to gain international
sponsorship. Unfortunately, injuries prevented his progression and Mr J. now only trains for leisure but
still occasionally continues cycles of anabolic steroids. His wife would like to have children, however, they
have not had any success in trying for the last 12 months.
1a. Describe the endocrine control of testosterone production
1b. Briefly outline why steroid use affects fertility in relation to the negative feedback loop.
1c. What other medical options might be available to help Mr J and his wife conceive?
~OR~
Question 2 Mrs P. is a 56-year-old female who recently experienced menopause. During this time, her
weight changed, she felt lethargic, irritable and had hot flushes. She ignored these symptoms for two
years and attributed them to being simply side effects of menopause. Recently, however, she has lost 13
kg in a two-month period. She also feels like her heart is racing. She saw her GP who ordered blood tests,
which revealed that she had severe hyperthyroidism.
2a. Outline the feedback loop that regulates thyroid hormones and explain what effect this would have
on her TSH.
2b. Give at least one reason as to why Mrs P. would have experienced such rapid weight loss and discuss
how this occurred?
2c. Explain the mechanism, by which hyperthyroidism would lead to Mrs P. Experiencing a racing heart
beat.
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