13 Jun HCR 240 – HUMAN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Question
HCR 240 – HUMAN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY –
On a separate sheet of paper, answer at least 10 of the following 11 questions. Each question is worth 10 points for a total of 100 points. If you answer all 11 questions, then those points will be added to your score as extra credit points. As always, answer each question as COMPLETELY as possible. The answer will be graded on the basis of how complete your answer is, whether you are using the right pathophysiology to describe or support your answer, and spelling & grammar. Please turn in your answers typed. No hand written answers because it becomes too hard to read after a while of grading a whole bunch of these. Any questions or clarification of what the question is asking, please let me know. Your completed answers are due at the beginning of your next class lecture. Please print and hand in your answers. I will accept emailed answers only under extenuating circumstances and if approved beforehand.
1. Mr. Bono is a retired 69 year old county attorney who was on a buying trip with his wife for old, classic cars in the high, mountainous country of Colorado when he became extremely short of breath. His alarmed wife took him to a multispecialty medical clinic for evaluation. On admission to the clinic, Mr. Bono was restless and dyspneic. His chest had an increased anteroposterior dimension.
Mr. Bono’s past history revealed a habit of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for 45 years. During the past few years, Mr. Bono had noticed a cough each morning on rising. Recently, while working in his flower garden, he had to stop at times to catch his breath. Even while watching television, he had experienced dyspnea. Also, he indicated a weight loss over the last 2 months.
After his insurance coverage was verified and permission to treat was given by his insurance company, and after Mr. Bono paid his $1000.00 deductible, a chest radiograph was taken, and pulmonary function tests were done. The chest radiograph revealed a flat, low diaphragm with lung hyperinflation but clear fields. Pulmonary function tests showed decreased tidal volume and vital capacity, increased total lung capacity, and prolonged forced expiratory volume.
Question: Which pulmonary disease is exhibited by Mr. Bono’s symptoms? Justify your answer and explain how you came to this diagnosis. What further tests, if any, need to be done? What would your treatment plan be?
2. B. C. is a 2 – year old boy who saw his physician 3 days ago with a history of mild nasal congestion without fever, cough, vomiting, or other complaints. His parents stated “We are just getting over ‘terrible winter colds’ and hoped that they had not given it to B.C.”
B.C. is in the emergency room today because his mother is concerned that he is coughing severely, is not feeding well at all, and “breathes funny.” He still has no significant fever but is somewhat lethargic with a respiratory rate consistently high at approximately 90 breaths/minute with moderate intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, and a light expiratory wheeze. A chest x – ray shows no specific areas of consolidation but does show hyperinflation and general “haziness.” B.C. is admitted for further treatment.
Question: What do B.C.’s signs and symptoms suggest? What further lab, x – ray would you get? What do you think B.C.’s most immediate problem is? What would your treatment plan be?
3. What is the difference between bronchitis and bronchiectasis?
4. What happens in drug-induced hemolytic anemia?
5. Mr. Rusch is being evaluated for multiple pulmonary emboli. What risk factors and clinical findings are commonly associated with pulmonary emboli?
6. Mr. Jones was in a severe car accident and suffered severe blood loss. Explain the hemodynamics on the cardiovascular system. Describe how each of the different body systems may adapt to the rapid loss of blood.
7. Use the Frank – Starling law of the heart to describe how heart failure occurs. Start your answer off with explaining what the Frank – Starling law is.
8. Explain why croup is primarily a disease of children. Discuss the similarities and differences between croup and Epiglottitis.
8.
9. Explain the progressive pathophysiologic relationship between a myocardial infarction (MI) and the development of left ventricular (LV) failure.
10.A neonate has a harsh, loud, systolic murmur shortly after birth. It is best heard at the left lower sternal border. The neonate is acyanotic and has no other symptoms. What type of congenital heart disorder does this infant have? Explain why the neonate is not cyanotic. When could the infant become cyanotic?
11.A 2 – year – old child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. How do the alterations in her exocrine glands influence her breathing? Begin your answer on what cystic fibrosis is, what organs it affects, how it is transmitted, etc.
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