13 Jun Observed Blood Group – Using the observed numbers of individuals
Question
#1
Observed
Blood Group
MM
MN
NN
Total
Number
3078
4800
3490
Genotypic Frequency
5
Allele Frequency
M
N
Using the observed numbers of individuals above with a particular blood group, calculate
genotypic and allelic frequencies for the population (do not assume in H-W equilibrium).
Then, determine if the genotypic frequencies observed are equal to the expected
equilibrium frequencies calculated according the Hardy – Weinberg law.
Is the population in H-W equilibrium? Yes or No Why did you make your conclusion?
(Modified from Ayala 1983)
Blood Group
MM
MN
NN
Expected Genotypic Frequency
#2
You have a population that, before selection, consists of 0.3 AA individuals, 0.5 Aa
individuals, and 0.2 aa individuals. The absolute fitnesses associated with each of these
three genotypes are 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0, respectively. What is the frequency of A, before
selection and following one round of selection.
#3
A plant population consists of two flower morphs, white and red, controlled by a single
gene with two alleles. The white morph represents the recessive homozygote. The red
morph consists of some combination of heterozygotes and dominant homozygotes.
Assume that 20% of the population has red flowers. What are the frequencies of all three
genotypes assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
#4
In the peppered moth (Biston betularia), let us assume that black individuals are
homozygous for the A allele, grey moths are heterozygous, and white moths are
homozygous for the a allele. Suppose that in a sample of 400 moths from one locality
(before selection), 68 are black, 192 are grey, and 140 are white.
a. What are the genotype frequencies?
b. What are the allele frequencies of A and a?
c. Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Let us now assume that the population underwent a major bought of selection. After this
selection event the population consisted of 28 black, 148 grey, and 13 white moths.
d. What are the absolute fitnesses?
e. What is the population mean fitness?
f. What are the relative fitnesses?
g. What are the genotype frequencies after selection?
h. What are the allele frequencies after selection?
i. What is the change in the frequency of the recessive allele?
j. What type of selection occurred?
#5a On an island recently separated from the mainland there exists a population of 10,000
frogs. 25 of these frogs carry a recessive albino condition, the rest of the frogs are green.
Assuming Hardy-Weinberg, what are the genotype and allele frequencies for this
population?
#5b A solar flare causes 10% of the population to die from sunburn. Of the 10% who died, 10
individuals were albino and the rest were split evenly between heterozygous (Gg) and
dominant (GG) individuals. What are the new genotype and allele frequencies for the
population? What are the absolute, average, and relative fitnesses for this population as
well?
#5c A misguided friend discovers this population and is alarmed by the rarity of the albino
frogs. In and attempt to prevent their extinction he facilitates the immigration of frogs
from the mainland population at a rate of 0.05. The mainland population consists of
20,000 individuals: 15,000 albino, 4,000 heterozygous, and 1,000 dominant individuals.
What is the change in the albino allele frequency due to migration?
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