15 Jun Biol 241 Study Guide for Chapter 11 Neurons
Question
Biol 241
Study Guide for Chapter 11
Neurons
Study Question
Describe the following structural and functional divisions of the nervous system, and explain
their relationships to each other.
CNS
PNS
Sensory Nervous System
Motor Nervous system
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sample exam questions
1. Which of the following is a function of the autonomic motor system?
A. Transmit auditory information to the brain while you are listening to music
B. Increase heartbeat during an exam
C. Increase digestive function while you are relaxing on the couch after dinner
D. Contract your arm muscle so that you can pick up a book
E. B and C
2. The terms “Afferent” and “Efferent” can BOTH be applied to neurons in the
A. sensory nervous system
B. parasympathetic nervous system
C. sympathetic nervous system
D. peripheral nervous system
E. all of the above
Study Question
Indicate whether each of the following types of glial cells are found in the CNS or the PNS and
describe their major functions.
Astrocytes
Satellite cells
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Ependymal cells
1
Sample exam question
3. Which type of glial cell forms the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Astrocytes
Satellite cells
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Study Question
Define the following terms and explain how they relate to neurons.
electricity
electrical current
voltage
conductance
resistance
Sample exam questions
4. Resistance is the inverse of ________________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
voltage
current
conductance
all of the above
none of the above
Study Question
Describe the important structural components of a neuron, and relate each to a functional role.
5. In motor neurons, __________ convey graded potentials towards the cell body of the neuron
and ___________ convey action potentials towards the axon terminals.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
dendrites, dendrites
dendrites, axons
axons, dendrites
axons, axons
any of the above may occur in motor neurons
Study Questions
What is a membrane potential? Why do cells have them?
Define the terms depolarization and hyperpolarization.
2
Sample exam question
6. Which of the following is a true statement?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The resting membrane potential of neurons is usually about +40mV.
Opening K+ channels will usually depolarize a neuronal membrane.
Voltage-gated Na+ channels tend to be closed when neurons are “at rest.”
all of the above
none of the above
Study Question
What is an action potential? Why are they necessary? Why are action potentials described as
“all-or-none?”
Sample exam question
7. Which of the following is true about action potentials?
A. Because ions tend to leak out of the axon, action potentials decrease rapidly in
amplitude as they travel down a nerve.
B. Action potentials usually last about a second.
C. During an action potential, the membrane potential temporarily becomes positive.
D. A and B
E. all of the above
Study Question
Describe the following phases of the action potential and explain how they correspond to what
the voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are up to.
resting state
rising phase
falling phase
undershoot
Sample exam question
8. During the falling phase of the action potential, voltage-gated Na+ channels are ________
and voltage-gated K+ channels are _______________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
opening, closing
inactivating, opening
opening, opening
closing, inactivating
inactivating, closing
3
Study Questions
Explain the role that voltage-gated Na+ channels play in the action potential. How do the
properties of these channels help determine the action potential threshold voltage? How do the
properties of these channels help determine the length of the absolute refractory period?
Sample exam question
9. A genetic mutation results in the production of voltage-gated sodium channel proteins that
stay inactivated for about 10 times as long. This mutation only affects the Na+ channels in the
axons of motor neurons. This mutation is most likely to affect the ability of skeletal muscle fiber
to produce
A.
B.
C.
D.
a twitch
a fused tetanus
both should be equally affected
neither should be affected at all
Study Question
Define synapse, and briefly describe the importance of chemical synapses in neuronal
signaling.
Sample exam question
10. Chemical synapses are characterized by all of the following except
A.
B.
C.
D.
neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic cell
postsynaptic membranes contain receptors that bind the released neurotransmitter
a fluid-filled gap separates the presynaptic and the postsynaptic membranes
ions flow through protein channels directly from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic
neuron
E. All of the above characterize chemical synapses.
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