16 Jun lab Exercise 20, The Immune System
Question
labActivity 1, Barrier defenses
Physical defenses #1-6
2. What happened to the food coloring on each slice of bread?
a. without the butter:
b. with the butter:
3. Which slice of bread was the control? Explain.
4. If the slice of bread represents a part of your body that needs protection, what does the butter represent? Explain.
5. Observe and record your results:
6. How were your results similar to or different from the bread and butter experiment?
Chemical barriers #1-3
1. What happened to the antacid pieces when placed in the vinegar?
2. Based on the results of your experiment with the vinegar, what do you think would happen to bacteria that enter the stomach with your food?
3. What action of the digestive system was simulated when you broke the antacid tablet into pieces?
Mucous membranes #1-7
1. What does the pepper represent?
2. Observe and record your results.
3. What was the effect of the petroleum jelly?
4. What body substance is simulated by the petroleum jelly?
5. Which is the most probable direction the cilia would transport the trapped particulates?
6. If trapped particulates wind up in the mouth and are swallowed, what happens to them?
7. Nicotine in cigarette smoke paralyzes the cilia in the trachea and other respiratory passages. Considering the results of your simulation, what effect would this have on a smoker’s lungs? Explain.
Activity 2, Non-specific defenses, #1-9
1. A ______________ is an example of a white blood cell that consumes and destroys foreign organisms in the bloodstream.
2. This immune system protein helps slow the spread of a viral infection within your body. _____________________
3. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen reduce fever and pain. Therefore, the drugs probably inhibit the production of which two types of immune system chemicals? _________________ and ___________________
4. When you cut yourself, _____________ cells release ________________, which starts the inflammatory response.
5. When you’re fighting infection, __________________ cells release _______________ to destroy the cell membranes of the pathogens.
6. One type of protein that produces a chemical “trail” that macrophages can follow to the site of an infection: __________________
7. Tamiflu, and anti-flu medication, inhibits viral reproduction. Which immune system chemical is it mimicking? ___________________
8. You’re hanging a picture in your house and you accidentally hit your thumb with the hammer. Your thumb becomes swollen, red, and painful. As a biology student, explain which immune system actions caused each of your symptoms. Be specific.
9. Normal body temperature for a healthy person is approximately 37°C. If your body temperature was 38°C, would it be beneficial to take aspirin or some other medication that reduces fever? Explain your answer.
Activity 3, Antibody/antigen specificity, #1-7
2. How many antigens could you disable before the time expired?
Trial 1 results: _____ antigens disabled.
3. Try again and see if you can improve your speed and accuracy.
Trial 2 results: _____ antigens disabled.
4. When matching the antibodies to the antigens, what clues did you use to make the correct matches?
5. Did you make any mistakes matching the antibodies to the antigens? What types of errors did you make (for example, visual identification, mouse error, etc.)?
6. Can your previously formed antibodies protect you against the risk of a tuberculosis infection? Why or why not?
7. What immune system malfunction could occur as a result of the similarity? Could the malfunction cause any problems in your body?
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