16 Jun Bio 111: Patterns of Inheritance
Question
Bio 111: Patterns of Inheritance
Simple Dominance -Assume that tallness is dominant to dwarfness.
1. If a homozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous dwarf plant, what will be the phenotype and genotype of the offspring?
If two heterozygotes (Tt x Tt) are crossed, each parent can produce two possible gametes T or t. Mendel noted that the gametes from each parent combine with each other randomly. Thus, you can simulate the random mating of gametes from the cross between two heterozygotes by flipping two coins simultaneously. Assume that heads designates the tall allele (T), and tails designates the dwarf allele (t). Flipping one coin will determine the type of gamete from one parent and flipping the other will determine the gamete from the other parent. To demonstrate this technique, flip two coins simultaneously 64 times and record the occurrence of each of the three possible combinations in the table below. Each pair of coins represents a pair of alleles in an “offspring”.
Coin Flip
Number
Heads-Heads (TT) = Tall
Heads – tails (Tt) = Tall
tails-tails (tt) = dwarf
2. What is the ratio of tall (TT or Tt) to dwarf (tt) offspring from your coin toss experiment?
3. What is the genotype ratio for the offspring from your coin toss experiment?
Keep the results from your coin toss in mind and complete the following cross using a Punnett square. Tt x Tt
4. Determine the ratios of the theoretical genotypes and phenotypes of the possible offspring of this cross.
5. How do the theoretical ratios compare to your data from the coin-flipping experiment?
6. Albinos are homozygous recessive for the pair of alleles that produce pigments of skin, hair, and eyes. Suppose a woman with normal colored skin and having an albino mother married an albino man. What would be the:
a. Genotype of the woman
b.Genotype of the man
c. Possible gametes produced by the woman
d.Possible gametes produced by the man
e.Genotypic ratio of children between man and woman
f. Phenotypic ratio of children between man and woman
Dihybrid Cross
7. In corn red (R) seed color is dominant to white (r) seed color, and smoothness (S) is dominant to wrinkled (w) seed. Consider the following cross: RRSS x rrss
What is the expected genotype of the offspring from this cross?
Will all the offspring (seeds) have the same genotype?
8. Consider the following cross: RrSs x RrSs
a. What are the predicted phenotypes for the offspring?
b. In what ratio will they occur?
Codominance
9. Some traits such as flower color are controlled by incomplete dominance. In this type of inheritance, the heterozygotes have an intermediate phenotype. For example, if a plant with red flowers (RR) is crossed with a plant with white flowers (rr), all of the offspring in the first generation will have pink flowers (Rr).
What are the expected ratios of red, pink, and white flowers in a cross involving two pink-flowered parents?
Incomplete Dominance
10.The blood type of humans is an excellent example of codominance, in which two genes work together to yield the phenotype.
Suppose a person having type B blood is married to someone having type A blood. Is it possible for this couple to have a child with type O blood?
What blood types could the children of a man with type O blood and a woman with type AB blood have?
What is the probability that a couple whose blood types are AB and O will have a type A child? Type B? Type AB? Type O?
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