16 Jun Biology Critical Thinking Questions and Answers Chapter 5
Question
Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Period: ___
Critical Thinking Questions – Honors Biology
1.“Water, water everywhere, and not a drop to drink.” This common statement about people shipwrecked at sea has biological significance. Why is it that we can’t drink sea water to quench our thirst?
2. The way scientists envision the cell membrane is as a “Fluid Mosaic Model.” Explain the role of the different components of the cell membrane (phospholipids, cholesterol, integral proteins, peripheral proteins, glycolipids and glycoproteins) and why the “Fluid Mosaic Model” is the model used to explain how the membrane works.
3.Paramecium and other protists that live in hypotonic environments have cell membranes that limit water uptake, while those living in isotonic environments have membranes that are more permeable to water. What water regulation adaptations might have evolved in protists in hypertonic habitats such as Great Salt Lake? In habitats with changing salt concentration?
4.Extensive irrigation in arid regions causes salts to accumulate in the soil. (When water evaporates, salts that were dissolved in the water are left behind in the soil.) Based on what you learned about water balance in plant cells, explain why increased soil salinity (saltiness) might be harmful to crops. Suggest ways to minimize damage. What costs are attached to your solutions?
5.A human pancreatic cell obtains O2, fuel molecules such as glucose, and building materials such as amino acids and cholesterol from its environment, and it releases CO2 as a waste product of cellular respiration. In response to hormonal signals, the cell secretes digestive enzymes. It also regulates its ion concentrations by exchange with its environment. Based on what you have just learned about the structure and function of cellular membranes, write an explanation that describes how such a cell accomplishes these interactions with its environment.
6.An artificial “cell” consisting of an aqueous solution enclosed in a selectively permeable membrane is immersed in a beaker as shown below. The membrane is permeable to water and sucrose.
a. Draw solid arrows to indicate the net movement of solutes into and/or out of the cell.
b. Is the solution outside the cell isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic?
7.How do endocytosis and exocytosis differ from diffusion?
8.Compare pinocytosis and phagocytosis.
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