The major organ of digestion and absorption is the

16 Jun The major organ of digestion and absorption is the

vQuestion

Question 1 (1 point)

The major organ of digestion and absorption is the:

Question 1 options:
Large intestine

Mouth

small intestine

Gall bladder

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Question 2 (1 point)

Villi are:

Question 2 options:
Finger-like projections of the mucosa that increases the surface area of the small intestine.

Finger-like projections of the serosa that increases the surface area of the small intestine.

Circular folds of the small intestine.

Pits in the gastric mucosa.

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Question 3 (5 points)

Match each nutrient to the form in which it is absorbed after digestion is completed.

Question 3 options:
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fatty acids

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glucose and galactose

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peptides, amino acids

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cholesterol

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glucose

1.
Proteins

2.
Triglyceride/Fats

3.
Starch

4.
Cholesterol

5.
Lactose

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Question 4 (1 point)

Gluten is a sugar that is bound to starch in the endosperm of grains such as wheat, barley and rye.

Question 4 options:
True
False
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Question 5 (1 point)

Celiac Disease is due to:

Question 5 options:
outpouches at weak points in the large intestine.

cholesterol precipitation

a sensitivity to gluten that generates an autoimmune response which damages small intestinal villi.

the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

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Question 6 (1 point)

In comparing Dieticians and Nutritionists, all of of the following are true except:

Question 6 options:
All qualified Dieticians should have met national/international standards for professional legislation.

Food scientists are Nutritionists with a college degree in Food Science.

The term Nutrionist is not protected by law.

A Dietician is a non-accredited title while a Nutritionist must have a college Degree in Nutrition and Dietetics.

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Question 7 (1 point)

Question 7 options: The term __________ foods is defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet on a regular basis at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence.
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Question 8 (10 points)

Question 8 options:
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Question 9 (10 points)

Match each phytochemical to its possible benefits or source.

Question 9 options:
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Red, orange and green fruits and vegetables.

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May retard cell growth and act as an anti-oxidant.

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May inhibit cancer cell growth, work as antioxidants and improve immune response.

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May prevent cancer formation, prevent inflammation and work as antioxidants.

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Green tea, grapes, wine, berries, citrus fruits, apples, whol grains and peanuts.

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Bran from corn, oats, rye and whea, nuts, soybeans.

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Apples, citrus fruits, onions, soybeans, coffee and tea.

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May inhibit inflammation and tumor growth; may aid immunity and boost production of detoxifying enzymes in the body.

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Cruciferous vegetables.

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May induce detoxification of carcinogens, block tumor growth and work as antioxidants.

1.
carotenoids

2.
flavonoids

3.
polyphenols

4.
Isothiocynates

5.
Inositol

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Question 10 (1 point)

Aspartame is an articficial sweetener made up of two monosaccharides.

Question 10 options:
True
False
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Question 11 (2 points)

Question 11 options: How many grams of protein do women need per day? Just enter the number. What is the RDA for protein in g per kg of body weight for an average adult? Just enter the amount.
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Question 12 (6 points)

Match the description to the correct choice.

Question 12 options:
12
“The disease the first child gets when the new child comes”

12
Child has a swollen abdomen.

12
The child has dry and loose skin hanging over the glutei.

12
There may be enough energy intake, but there is protein malnourishment.

12
Means “to waste away”.

12
There is lack of both protein and other nutrients.

1.
kwashiorkor

2.
marasmus

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Question 13 (1 point)

All of the following are ways to make healthy carbohydrates work in a balanced diet except:

Question 13 options:
Choose low-fat dairy products.

Eat less beans and legumes

Eat whole grains.

Eat fresh fruits and vegetables without added sugar.

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Question 14 (1 point)

Calcium deficiency in vegetarians is very common.

Question 14 options:
True
False
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Question 15 (1 point)

Vegetarians may not get enough omega-3 fatty acids in their diet.

Question 15 options:
True
False
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Question 16 (1 point)

All lipids are fats.

Question 16 options:
True
False
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Question 17 (1 point)

All of the following are correct regarding trans fats except:

Question 17 options:
In Trans fats, the H atoms are bonded on opposite sides of the double bond.

Most natural unsaturated fatty acids are in the trans conformation.

Trans fat increases LDL and decreases HDL levels.

Naturally occurring trans fatty acids are found in dairy products.

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Question 18 (1 point)

Question 18 options: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2010) recommend consuming less than ______________ % of daily calories as saturated fat.
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Question 19 (13 points)

Match the deficiency state of each vitamin or mineral.

Question 19 options:
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Pellagra

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Rickets

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spina bifida

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Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis

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Hair loss and a scaly red rash around the eyes, nose, mouth and genital area

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Beriberi

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pernicious anemia

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Scurvy

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Night blindness

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microcytic anemia

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Goiter

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Keshan disease

1.
vitamin A

2.
vitamin D

3.
Thiamine

4.
Niacin

5.
vitamin C

6.
vitamin D

7.
cobalamin

8.
Iron

9.
Potassium

10.
Iodine

11.
Selenium

12.
Folate

13.
Biotin

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Question 20 (10 points)

How can either Calcium deficiency or vitamin D deficiency cause rickets? In your answer be sure to discuss the function of both Calcium and vitamin D.

Question 20 options:
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Question 21 (1 point)

The function of each vitamin is correctly stated except:

Question 21 options:
Vitamin B3: precursor of NAD

Vitamin A: involved in growth and specialization of virtually all cells in the human body.

Vitamin C: antioxidant and enzyme cofactor

vitamin B1: precursor for the coenzymes FAD and FMN

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Question 22 (1 point)

Deficiency of this vitamin causes deficiency of many clotting factors.

Question 22 options:
Vitamin K

Vitamin E

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

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Question 23 (10 points)

Match the mineral to its function, toxicity or deficiency.

Question 23 options:
123456
function: has catalytic, structural and regulatory roles at the cellular level.

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deficiency: dental caries

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toxicity: kidney stones

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function: component of principal antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria.

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function: ionized form required for blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction.

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toxicity: permanent neurologic disorder with symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease

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function: the major intracellular cation.

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function: the major extracellular cation.

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toxicity: higher than normal levels in the blood can cause the heart to stop.

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deficiency: tetany

1.
Fluoride

2.
Potassium

3.
Sodium

4.
Calcium

5.
Zinc

6.
Manganese

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Question 24 (10 points)

Determine which of the statements are myths and which are facts.

Question 24 options:
12
Eating healthy food costs too much.

12
Bread, pasta and rice are fattening. I should avoid them when trying to lose weight.

12
To lose weight, you need to burn more calories than you eat or drink.

12
Fast foods are always an unhealthy choice. You should not eat them when dieting.

12
If I skip meals, I can lose weight.

12
Fad diets are not the best way to lose weight and keep it off.

12
Some people can eat whatever they want and still lose weight.

12
“Low-fat” or “fat-free” means no calories.

12
People who eat whole grains as part of a healthy diet may lower their chances of developing some chronic diseases.

12
Fad diets will help me lose weight and keep it off.

1.
Myth

2.
Fact

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Question 25 (10 points)

Your best friend asks you to help her decide on joining Jenny Craig or Weight Watchers. Describe the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of both programs and chose one for her. Give the reasons for your choice.

Question 25 options:
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Question 26 (8 points)

Order the steps of cellular respiration from the first to the last step.

Question 26 options:
1234 Glycolysis
1234 Oxidative phosphorylation.
1234 Formation of Acetyl CoA
1234 Krebs Cycle
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Question 27 (2 points)

Metabolism includes only the build-up reactions, not the break-down ones.

Question 27 options:
True
False
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Question 28 (2 points)

All of the following are true except:

Question 28 options:
Exercise decreases the need for the B-complex vitamins.

B9 and B12 are required for the production of red blood cells.

Female athletes are often deficient in B2, B6, B9 and B12.

B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and B7 are involved in energy production during exercise.

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Question 29 (2 points)

All of the following increase the risk for cancer except:

Question 29 options:
Smoking

Obesity

Environmental polution

Increased physical activity

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Question 30 (10 points)

Obesity is linked to an increased risk for what cancers? What are the 4 key dietary guidelines for cancer prevention?

Question 30 options:
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Question 31 (1 point)

The leading source of antioxidants in the U.S. diet is:

Question 31 options:
coffee

spinach

citrus fruits

egg yolks

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Question 32 (1 point)

The average American consumes approximately how much sodium per day?

Question 32 options:
340 mg which is the recommended amount.

3,400 mg which is 50% more than the recommended amount.

4,600 mg which is double the recommended amount.

2,300 mg which is the recommended amount.

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Question 33 (1 point)

The essential fatty acids that must be derived from the diet are:

Question 33 options:
Oleic and linoleic acids

Stearate and beta-hydroxybutyrate acids

acetic and citric acids

Linoleic and alpha-Linolenic