21 Jun WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A STATEMENT?
Which of the following is a statement? Multiple Choice • “Close the door.” • “Let’s have lunch.” • “I’m not hungry.” • “What did you say?” 2. As understood by logicians, an argument is Multiple Choice • a set of statements, one of which is supported by the others. • a verbal dispute between two or more people. • a major contributing factor to the high rate of divorce in the United States. a sentence that is either true or false 3. Chocolate ice cream is better than strawberry.” This is Multiple Choice • a statement. • not a statement. 4. Inductive logic is concerned with methods of evaluating arguments for Multiple Choice • strength and weakness. • cogency and uncogency. • validity and invalidity. soundness and unsoundness. 5. An argument form is Multiple Choice • a word or phrase that stands for a class. • a pattern of reasoning. • a statement that is used as a premise. • a worksheet for identifying the premises and conclusion of an argument 6. “The death penalty is morally wrong.” This is Multiple Choice • a statement. • not a statement. 7. The Principle of Charity requires that we Multiple Choice • put an ambiguous or unclear argument in the best possible light when rewriting it as a well-crafted argument. • ignore mistakes in reasoning when we agree with an argument’s conclusion. • not distort an argument’s meaning when rewriting it as a well-crafted one. • correct any mistakes in reasoning in an argument we are analyzing. 8. A premise of an argument is Multiple Choice • a statement intended to provide support for another statement. • an underlying assumption. • the statement that is being afÖrmed on the basis of others. • a word or phrase whose purpose is to persuade. 9. The main feature of a valid argument is Multiple Choice • it is possible for the conclusion to be true. • it is not necessary that if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true. • it is necessary that if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true. • it is not possible for the conclusion to be false. 10. The Principle of Fairness requires that we Multiple Choice • consider an individual to be innocent until proven guilty. • not eliminate anything—including repetitions, assurances, and so on—when rewriting an argument as a well-crafted one. • place the burden of proof on the person whose view is contrary to the majority opinion. • be loyal to the original argument and not distort its meaning when rewriting it as a well-crafted argument. 11. “My brother has a cat named Sully.” This is Multiple Choice • a statement. • not a statement. 12. The statement “Pat is a mother only if Pat is a woman” is a stylistic variant of which type of statement? Multiple Choice • disjunction • conditional • negation • conjunction 13. A term is Multiple Choice • a 15-week semester of college. • a word or phrase that stands for a class. • a length of time in public ofÖce. a pattern of reasoning. 14. Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: “Assuming Betty’s ×ight leaves on time, she will arrive in Seattle at 6:00 p.m. Betty’s ×ight did leave on time, so she will arrive in Seattle at 6:00 p.m.” Multiple Choice • valid • invalid • strong • weak 15. “Pigs can ×y.” This is Multiple Choice • a statement. • not a statement. 16. Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: “All men are mortal. Socrates is mortal.? Socrates is a man.” Multiple Choice • valid • invalid • strong • weak 17. “You don’t have any brothers or sisters, do you?” This is Multiple Choice • a statement. • not a statement. 18. Which of the following is an example of a report? Multiple Choice • A mammal is a warm-blooded animal that nurses its young. So, for example, whales, cats and humans are mammals but turtles, birds, and insects are not. • If Germany had invented the atomic bomb Örst, they would have won World War II. • 73 percent of all Americans are opposed to the death penalty Skunks get hit by cars more than other animals because they tend to stand their ground rather than ×ee. 19. If an argument is strong, then Multiple Choice • its premises are all true. • it is improbable (but possible) that the conclusion is false on the assumption that the premises are true. • it is impossible for the conclusion to be false on the assumption that the premises are true. • the conclusion is true. 20.The argument form “If A then B; Not B; So, not A” is called Multiple Choice • modus tollens. • constructive dilemma. • hypothetical syllogism. • modus ponens.
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