22 Jun What are the major milest
What are the major milestones related to the physical development in early, middle, and late childhood? Briefly describe these milestones.
2. What are the major milestones related to the cognitive development in early, middle, and late childhood? How does cognition change from early, middle, and late childhood?
3. What role does Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory and Vygotsky’s Social Constructivist Approach play in understanding cognitive development in early, middle, and late childhood ?
4. What are the major milestones related to the socio emotional development in early, middle, and late childhood? What types of changes occur in peer relationships from early, middle, and late childhood?
5. How can families impact the development of young children?
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1. What are the major milestones related to the physical development in early, middle, and late childhood? Briefly describe these milestones.
Biologically, physical development occurs as the child ages. The child begins to explore their world and meet their goals through ineration with the world and others.
Physical development in early, middle, late childhood is linked to:
1. nervous system development,
2. body’s physical properties,
3. child’s motivation to reach age-specific goals,
4. Environmental support for the skill.
The milestones for gross motor skills continue to improve through early, middle and late childhood, which include:
1. Improved walking, running, jumping, learned organized sports?skills – positive and negative sports outcomes.
2. Specifically, milestones for fine motor skills increase through the three stages of childhood, which involves more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity:
3. Early Childhood: pick up small objects e.g. some difficulty building towers, by age 5: arms, hands, and fingers move together.
4. Middle and Late Childhood: writing and drawing skills emerge and improve, steadier at age 7, by 10-12 can do quality crafts, master difficult piece on music instrument (Source: Santrock, 2007, from http://www.dmacc.edu/instructors/kdowdell/PSCH%20103%20Santrock%203e/santTOPch05.ppt).
Early Childhood (about 2-4)
Ages 2 to 3
Children become more comfortable with motion, increasing speed, and coordination. Most begin to:
1. Run forward
2. Jump in place with both feet together
3. Stand on one foot, with aid
4. Walk on tiptoe
5. Kick ball forward
Children are able to manipulate small objects with increased control. Most can:
1. String large beads
2. Turn pages one by one
3. Hold crayon with thumb and fingers instead of fist
4. Draw a circle
5. Paint with wrist action, making dots and lines
6. Roll, pound, squeeze, and pull clay
Ages 3 to 4:
1. Movement and balance improve. Most children can:
2. Run around obstacles
3. Walk on a line
4. Balance on one foot
5. Push, pull, and steer toys
6. Ride a tricycle
7. Use a slide without help
8. Throw and catch a ball
Children’s precision of motion improves significantly. Most are able to:
1. Build a tall tower of blocks
2. Drive pegs into holes
3. Draw crosses and circles
4. Manipulate clay by making balls, snakes, etc.
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