23 Jun Measuring Stigma in People with Lung Cancer
Measuring Stigma in People with Lung Cancer
Carefully read the Measuring Stigma in People with Lung Cancer….article and respond to the following questions in a Word document using APA format. Please be sure all lines are double spaced, and a 12-point, Times New Roman font is used. Please include the questions with your answers for clarity.
No cover page is required for this assignment, but please put your last name in the header of the document and save and label the document with your last name and Instrument Development as shown here: (Your last name) Instrument Development prior to submitting it to the Dropbox.
Instrument (Psychometric) Development Article Questions
1. Can you tell from the title that this research study is going to be about developing and testing a new instrument?
2. Who are the intended participants?
3. Is the sample size adequate to produce accurate results? (Not in a pilot test).
4. What is the number of questions on the initial scale/instrument before any psychometric testing?
5. Did the authors use test-retest for reliability comparing for stability over time?
6. What is the Cronbachs a reported for the instrument as a whole and for any factors (subscales)?
7. How were the different kinds of validity measured? What validity measures did the author(s) report?
8. On the final instrument, what were the final # questions?
E46 Vol. 38, No. 1, January 2011 • Oncology Nursing Forum
Online Exclusive Article
This material is protected by U.S. copyright law. To purchase
quantity reprints, e-mail reprints@ons.org. For permission to
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L ung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths
in men and women in the United States (Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010).
Compared to patients with other types of cancer,
patients with lung cancer experience the
greatest amount of psychological distress (Else-Quest,
LoConte, Schiller, & Hyde, 2009; Holland et al., 2010;
Zabora, BrintzenhofeSzoc, Curbow, Hooker, & Piantadosi,
2001) and have a higher risk for psychological
distress during and after treatment (Akin, Can, Aydiner,
Ozdilli, & Durna, 2010; Carlsen, Jensen, Jacobsen, Krasnik,
& Johansen, 2005). Psychological distress is a strong
predictor of lung cancer mortality (Hamer, Chida, &
Molloy, 2009).
Health-related stigma (HRS) is a perceived stigma that
has been defined as a personal experience characterized
by exclusion, rejection, blame, or devaluation that
results from anticipation of an adverse judgment. This
judgment is based on an enduring feature of identity
conferred by a health issue; the judgment is medically
unwarranted and may adversely affect health status
(Weiss & Ramakrishna, 2006). HRS has been associated
with an increase in the stress associated with illness
and contributes to psychological, physical, and social
morbidity (Major & OBrien, 2005). HRS has been extensively
studied in patients with HIV and AIDS, mental
illness, epilepsy, and physical disability (Van Brakel,
2006), but not in patients with lung cancer.
Stigma in lung cancer is based on the belief that the
patients behavior was the cause of the cancer (i.e., by
smoking). Few studies have examined the presence of
HRS in patients with lung cancer or its effect on patient
outcomes because tools to measure lung cancer stigma
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