25 Jun BSCI 207 Fall 2015 Homework #5: Terrestrial locomotion
Question
BSCI 207 Fall 2015
Homework #5: Terrestrial locomotion
Please type your answers into this document and upload to ELMS by
11:59 P.M., Wedenesday, 2 December
You may work on this homework on your own or discuss it with others. If you work through questions with others, be sure to turn in your own work, at the level at which you understand it. Do not simply copy answers from or for someone else. Questions such as these will show up on exams, so be sure to work to understand how to arrive at the answers.
(1) Big fish swim substantially faster than small fish and big birds fly faster than small ones. The speeds of running mammals, however, vary a lot less with body size, although big ones do go somewhat faster. Assume that the energetic cost of transport (cost per distance) varies with (body mass)0.68 and that maximum metabolic rate varies with (body mass)0.81.
a) Is the mass-specific cost for a large runner to move a given distance higher, lower, or the same as the cost for a small runner to move that same distance? Explain.
b) Is mass-specific maximum metabolic rate for a large runner higher, lower, or the same as that for a small runner? Explain.
c) How many times faster should a 500 kilogram bear be able to run than a 50 gram rodent? Show your work.
(2) Below is a diagram of an alligator skull. “Effort” indicates where the muscle contracts to close the jaws.
a) Does the lever system represented by alligator jaws chomping down on a tasty morsel represent a Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3 lever? Why?
Class 3 because it is arranged as: Fulcrum, Force, then load. The force is the middle contributor, not the fulcrum (class 1) or the load (class 2).
b) Is the mechanical advantage (=force advantage) less than 1, 1, or greater than 1? Explain what this means and how you determined the MA.
Because the force is close to the fulcrum, the mechanical advantage is less than one. This means that the jaws will require more force put in that let out. This gives the jaws a speed advantage and makes it so it can move a larger distance.
c) Is the velocity advantage less than 1, 1, or greater than 1? Explain what this means and how you determined the velocity advantage
Velocity advantage is greater than 1. Velocity advantage is the reciprocal (inverse) of mechanical advantage and it means the jaws can move more rapidly than strongly.
d) What is the biting force of the alligator at points “A” and “B”? Show your work.
A) Fload = 1500 N (.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png”>) = 409.1 N
B) Fload = 1500 N (.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png”>) = 500 N
.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg” alt=”lligator skull”>
.0/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.jpg” alt=”lligator jaw loads”>
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