26 Jun DESCRIBE THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF A PIEZOELECTRIC ACCELEROMETER.
(a) Describe the principle of operation of a piezoelectric accelerometer. Discuss the factors which limit the range of frequencies over which vibration measurements can reliably be made. (These should include the signal conditioning and sensor mounting arrangements. )
(b) A machine runs on rolling element bearings at a shaft speed of 2600 rpm. The bearings have the following characteristics: roller/race diameter ratio = 0.25, number of rolling elements 10, contact angle 0. The machine is classified as Class II for the purpose of assessment under ISO 2372.
Assuming that the vibrational displacement consists of frequency components of the form x(t) = A sin(2ft) calculate the acceleration amplitudes which would correspond to the
• Shaft and
• Inner race
fault signals for the ‘good’ and borderline ‘acceptable’ cases.
If an accelerometer of sensitivity 1 V/g is used to detect the vibration: calculate the output voltage signal for the ‘good’ and borderline ‘acceptable’ shaft and inner race signals.
(c) It is necessary to select an A/D converter to capture the vibration signals from the accelerometer. Using the results from part (b) above to estimate the required frequency range and frequency resolution of the measurement as well as the dynamic range of the data: specify
• A suitable resolution for the A/D converter,
• A suitable sampling frequency for the measurement,
• The number of samples that should be recorded for each spectrum
• Any other signal conditioning elements that may be necessary
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